Serum levels of immunoglobulins, allergen-specific IgE antibodies, and interleukin-4 in cosmonauts before and after short flights on the International Space Station

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Rykova ◽  
Yu. G. Gertsik ◽  
E. N. Antropova ◽  
L. B. Buravkova
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
International Space ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Ige Antibodies

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sensitizing Potential of Proteins in BALB/c Mice: Comparison of Three Protocols of Intraperitoneal Sensitization

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Arámburo-Galvez ◽  
Norberto Sotelo-Cruz ◽  
Lilian Flores-Mendoza ◽  
Martina Gracia-Valenzuela ◽  
Francisco Chiquete-Elizalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Allergenic Protein ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Undetectable Serum ◽  
Specific Ige Antibodies

Most food allergy cases are associated with a limited group of allergens. This could be attributed to an increased ability of some foods to sensitize and trigger allergic reactions. However, there are no validated animal models to evaluate the sensitizing or allergenic potentials of proteins. Our aim was to evaluate three protocols of adjuvant-free intraperitoneal sensitization that differ in the time points for sample collection (days 14, 28 and 35 from beginning of the sensitization) and also in the number of immunizations (2, 5 and 3, respectively). Ovalbumin (OVA; 0.05 mg), cow milk proteins (CMP; 0.025, 0.05 and 0.25 mg), and potato acid phosphatase (PAP; low allergenic protein; 250.0 mg) were administered intraperitoneally (ip) to BALB/c mice (n = 4–6) and the protein-specific IgE and IgG antibody responses were evaluated using ELISA. Additional serum protein-specific IgE antibodies evaluations were carried out after IgG depletion. Anti-OVA IgE antibodies were detected in mice from all three protocols. The responses were higher in the group of mice that underwent the 28-day protocol than in those that underwent the 14- or 35-day protocols (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Anti-CMP IgE antibodies were detected in both the 14- and 28-day protocols, but the response was higher in the group that underwent the 28-day protocol (p < 0.001). The anti-CMP IgE antibody response detection was improved after serum IgG depletion (p < 0.001). Anti-PAP IgE antibodies were not detected. Mice with undetectable serum levels of protein-specific IgE triggered anti-OVA, -CMP, and -PAP IgG responses. An adjuvant-free 28-day protocol with five ip immunizations seems appropriate for evaluation of the inherent sensitizing or allergenic capacity of the studied proteins. Reproducible results were obtained utilizing the BALB/c mouse strain. Inter-laboratory studies including a larger number of proteins should be carried out to validate this model.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies: degree of sensitization and association with severity of asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Elabras Filho ◽  
Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz Mello ◽  
Omar Lupi ◽  
Blanca Elena Rios Gomes Bica ◽  
José Angelo de Souza Papi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxin ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Specific Ige Antibodies

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the presence of staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies and degree of IgE-mediated sensitization, as well as whether or not those are associated with the severity of asthma in adult patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients with asthma under treatment at a tertiary care university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Consecutive patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of asthma based on the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria: mild asthma (MA), comprising patients with mild intermittent or persistent asthma; and moderate or severe asthma (MSA). We determined the serum levels of staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies, comparing the results and performing a statistical analysis. Results: The study included 142 patients: 72 in the MA group (median age = 46 years; 59 females) and 70 in the MSA group (median age = 56 years; 60 females). In the sample as a whole, 62 patients (43.7%) presented positive results for staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies: staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), in 29 (20.4%); SEB, in 35 (24.6%); SEC, in 33 (23.2%); and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), in 45 (31.7%). The mean serum levels of IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were 0.96 U/L, 1.09 U/L, 1.21 U/L, and 1.18 U/L, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the qualitative or quantitative results. Conclusions: Serum IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were detected in 43.7% of the patients in our sample. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative results showed a statistically significant association with the clinical severity of asthma.

scholarly journals Sequencing DNA, RNA and related molecules as a tool to advance space exploration

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The Moon ◽  
International Space ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
New Challenges

As humans seek to return to the Moon, and eventually to Mars and beyond, new challenges must be overcome to keep astronauts safe and healthy. This includes protecting crew members from harmful organisms in their environment, treating infections that may arise, monitoring nutrition and understanding how the human body adapts to spaceflight during missions that could last multiple years. Since the International Space Station (ISS) was first occupied in 2000, crew health has been monitored with thorough check-ups before and after flight, and the collection of many samples during flight that are brought back to Earth for analysis. During longer missions to more distant solar system locales, where returning samples to Earth is no longer practical, being able to analyse samples aboard the spacecraft could be very important.

scholarly journals Cardiac and vascular responses to thigh cuffs and respiratory maneuvers on crewmembers of the International Space Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Hamilton ◽  
Ashot E. Sargsyan ◽  
Kathleen Garcia ◽  
Douglas J. Ebert ◽  
Peggy A. Whitson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Control Center ◽  
International Space ◽  
Vascular Ultrasound ◽  
Fluid Redistribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mueller Maneuver

Background: the transition to microgravity eliminates the hydrostatic gradients in the vascular system. The resulting fluid redistribution commonly manifests as facial edema, engorgement of the external neck veins, nasal congestion, and headache. This experiment examined the responses to modified Valsalva and Mueller maneuvers measured by cardiac and vascular ultrasound (ECHO) in a baseline steady state and under the influence of thigh occlusion cuffs available as a countermeasure device (Braslet cuffs). Methods: nine International Space Station crewmember subjects (expeditions 16–20) were examined in 15 experiment sessions 101 ± 46 days after launch (mean ± SD; 33–185). Twenty-seven cardiac and vascular parameters were obtained with/without respiratory maneuvers before and after tightening of the Braslet cuffs (162 parameter states/session). Quality of cardiac and vascular ultrasound examinations was assured through remote monitoring and guidance by investigators from the NASA Telescience Center in Houston, TX, and the Mission Control Center in Korolyov, Moscow region, Russia. Results: 14 of 81 conditions (27 parameters measured at baseline, Valsalva, and Mueller maneuver) were significantly different when the Braslet was applied. Seven of 27 parameters were found to respond differently to respiratory maneuvers depending on the presence or absence of thigh compression. Conclusions: acute application of Braslet occlusion cuffs causes lower extremity fluid sequestration and exerts commensurate measurable effects on cardiac performance in microgravity. Ultrasound techniques to measure the hemodynamic effects of thigh cuffs in combination with respiratory maneuvers may serve as an effective tool in determining the volume status of a cardiac or hemodynamically compromised patient at the “microgravity bedside.”

Human factors assessment of International Space Station (ISS) medical equipment packs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Paige Smith ◽  
Vicky E. Byrne ◽  
Cynthia Hudy ◽  
Mihriban Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space
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