Variation of song and plumage in the western (Phylloscopus trochiloides viridanus) and eastern (Phylloscopus trochiloides plumbeitarsus) forms of the greenish warbler in a sympatry zone: Is the hypothesis of ring speciation true?

The two Sotalia species (the marine S. guianensis and the freshwater S. fluviatilis) have only recently been recognized, and both face several conservation challenges. We investigated the existence of hybridization between the two species in their possible area of sympatry in the Amazon Estuary, in northern Brazil. A fast and cheap PCR-RFLP diagnostic method using nuclear DNA was developed to discriminate between the two species, while allowing the detection of hybrids. All samples that could be identified (N = 51) were identified as S. guianensis, and no hybrids were detected. Our results, coupled with previous mitochondrial data, suggest that S. fluviatilis is not present in the Amazon delta. Thus, sympatry with S. guianensis, if it does occur, may be restricted to upstream areas of the Amazon River.

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Call divergence is correlated with geographic and genetic distance in greenish warblers (Phylloscopus trochiloides): a strong role for stochasticity in signal evolution?

Journal of Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01499.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 435-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

D. E. IRWIN ◽

M. P. THIMGAN ◽

J. H. IRWIN

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distance ◽

Signal Evolution ◽

Phylloscopus Trochiloides

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Where and when does a ring start and end? Testing the ring-species hypothesis in a species complex of Australian parrots

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2008.0765 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 275 (1650) ◽

pp. 2431-2440 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Leo Joseph ◽

Gaynor Dolman ◽

Stephen Donnellan ◽

Kathleen M Saint ◽

Mathew L Berg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Secondary Contact ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Circular Distribution ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

A Chain ◽

Ring Species ◽

Ring Speciation

Speciation, despite ongoing gene flow can be studied directly in nature in ring species that comprise two reproductively isolated populations connected by a chain or ring of intergrading populations. We applied three tiers of spatio-temporal analysis (phylogeny/historical biogeography, phylogeography and landscape/population genetics) to the data from mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of eastern Australian parrots of the Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans complex to understand the history and present genetic structure of the ring they have long been considered to form. A ring speciation hypothesis does not explain the patterns we have observed in our data (e.g. multiple genetic discontinuities, discordance in genotypic and phenotypic assignments where terminal differentiates meet). However, we cannot reject that a continuous circular distribution has been involved in the group's history or indeed that one was formed through secondary contact at the ‘ring's’ east and west; however, we reject a simple ring-species hypothesis as traditionally applied, with secondary contact only at its east. We discuss alternative models involving historical allopatry of populations. We suggest that population expansion shown by population genetics parameters in one of these isolates was accompanied by geographical range expansion, secondary contact and hybridization on the eastern and western sides of the ring. Pleistocene landscape and sea-level and habitat changes then established the birds' current distributions and range disjunctions. Populations now show idiosyncratic patterns of selection and drift. We suggest that selection and drift now drive evolution in different populations within what has been considered the ring.

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On the ratio of phenotype and genotype of sable and pine marten in sympatry zone in the Northern Urals

Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.3103/s009639251304007x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 178-181

Author(s):

V. V. Rozhnov ◽

S. L. Pishchulina ◽

I. G. Meschersky ◽

L. V. Simakin

Keyword(s):

Pine Marten ◽

Northern Urals ◽

Sympatry Zone

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Avian haemosporidians (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) in selected bird groups (Old world Flycatchers, Warblers, Babblers, and Thrushes) of India and their phylogenetic relationships with other lineages of the world

10.1101/2021.09.27.461904 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vipin ◽

Ashutosh Singh ◽

Rajnikant Dixit ◽

Narinder Kumar Tripathi ◽

Bhim Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Avian Host ◽

Old World ◽

Genetic Lineages ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

The World ◽

Phylloscopus Trochiloides ◽

Avian Haemosporidians ◽

Source Populations

AbstractWe examined the Avian haemosporidians (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) status in selected bird groups (Old world Flycatchers, Warblers, Babblers, and Thrushes) of India and their phylogenetic relationships with other known lineages of the world. The use of common genetic markers with information on the geographic distribution of parasite and host samples makes the data of avian haemosporidians genetic studies more comparable and infection source surveillance ready. The prevalence of Avian haemosporidians, in above bird groups from northern, eastern, and southern parts of India and the phylogenetic genetic analysis of genetic lineages was carried out at world level to know the possible source of infection. The MCC tree revealed six Haemosporidian lineages in which one was common (H_MSP01) and five were unique (H_CYOPOL01, H_CHD01, H_CYORUB01, H_EUMTHA01, and P_GEOCIT01). The avian host richness Index was 2.0852. 9.9%, prevalence of Haemosporidian infection was found in 111 DNA samples belonging to 6 host species. The Haemoproteus prevalence was found to be 9.0% across five host species (Phylloscopus trochiloides, Cyornis poliogenys, C. hainanus dialilaemus, C. rubeculoides, Eumiyas thalassinus) and Plasmodium prevalence was 0.9% in Geokichla citrina. The spatial phylogeny map showed possible source populations of hosts having H. pallidus lineages COLL2 and PFC1 infections in parts of Africa, Europe, North America, Malaysia, and Philippines. The Plasmodium lineage (P_GEOCIT01) showed a weak (93.89%) similarity with PADOM16 in Egypt. The statistical analysis suggested that the haemosporidian’s host species’ distribution range was directly and significantly associated with the altitude, minimum temperature, and relative humidity. H_MSP01 distribution was in accordance with H. pallidus having a wide geographic and host range.

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Recurrent selection explains parallel evolution of genomic regions of high relative but low absolute differentiation in greenish warblers

10.1101/041467 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Darren E. Irwin ◽

Miguel Alcaide ◽

Kira E. Delmore ◽

Jessica H. Irwin ◽

Gregory L. Owens

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Selection ◽

Parallel Evolution ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Genomic Variation ◽

Selective Sweeps ◽

Recombination Rates ◽

Technological Developments ◽

Greenish Warbler ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Ring Species

AbstractRecent technological developments allow investigation of the repeatability of evolution at the genomic level. Such investigation is particularly powerful when applied to a ring species, in which spatial variation represents changes during the evolution of two species from one. We examined genomic variation among three subspecies of the greenish warbler ring species, using genotypes at 13,013,950 nucleotide sites along a new greenish warbler consensus genome assembly. Genomic regions of low within-group variation are remarkably consistent between the three populations. These regions show high relative differentiation but low absolute differentiation between populations. Comparisons with outgroup species show the locations of these peaks of relative differentiation are not well explained by phylogenetically-conserved variation in recombination rates or selection. These patterns are consistent with a model in which selection in an ancestral form has reduced variation at some parts of the genome, and those same regions experience recurrent selection that subsequently reduces variation within each subspecies. The degree of heterogeneity in nucleotide diversity is greater than explained by models background selection, but are consistent with selective sweeps. Given the evidence that greenish warblers have had both population differentiation for a long period of time and periods of gene flow between those populations, we propose that some genomic regions underwent selective sweeps over a broad geographic area followed by within-population selection-induced reductions in variation. An important implication of this “sweep-before-differentiation” model is that genomic regions of high relative differentiation may have moved among populations more recently than other genomic regions.

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