Selective oxytocin antagonist and its use for antagonizing oxytocin effects tested by behavioral studies in the open field

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Věra Klenerová ◽  
Martin Flegel ◽  
Sixtus Hynie
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Oxytocin Antagonist

scholarly journals Anxiolytic-like effect of Urena lobata (L.) in swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽  
Thoufiqul Alam Riaz ◽  
Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi ◽  
Javad Sharifi-Rad
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAnxiety disorders are general and psychological problems that are also linked to symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of Urena lobata L. (MEUL) methanolic extract in different behavioral paradigms in Swiss albino mice. For this, after an oral acute toxicity study, adult male mice were treated with MEUL (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and subjected to a number of behavioral studies. In the open-field test, the number of square field cross, grooming, and rearing, was counted, while in the light/dark and swing test, the time spent in the dark portion and number of swings was calculated, respectively. Additionally, the phytochemical analysis was also done. Results reveal that the MEUL possesses alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenes (including triterpenes), gums, and reducing sugars. MEUL showed a significant (p < 0.05) anxiolytic-like effect in experimental animals, where it’s dose-dependently modulated the test parameters in an open-field test. The MEUL also increased the light residence time and the number of swings in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 500 mg/kg of MEUL caused the highest calming effect when combined with the experimental animals’ diazepam group. Taken together, findings expand an understanding of the impact of U. lobata on the central nervous system and show that this plant may be useful for the treatment of disorders associated with anxiety.

scholarly journals Eugenol and Its Liposomal Based Nano-carrier Protects Against Anxiety Disorder in Mice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fahad jibran siyal ◽  
rehan ahmed siddiqui ◽  
zahida memon ◽  
zahra batool ◽  
aneela Atta Ur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Plus Maze

Abstract Background: Anxiety can also be termed as excessive worry which last for at least more than six months and patients can have difficulty in controlling them. Anxiety is having 31% of life time prevalence and sad part is that the anxiety disorders are not treated and diagnosed well. 3.1% which is 6.8 Million peoples of America are having anxiety disorders. The main part of clove oil is eugenol along with caryophyllene. Eugenol is present at about 70 to 90 percentage and also it contains 15 percentage of total dry weight of bud. Methodology: Pre-clinical experimental study was conducted for 10-12 Months. Male BALB/c mice were purchased from ICCBS. Sample Size was 42 BALB/c mice and divided into 07 groups. Results: The animal model was developed and it was found that Eugenol and its liposomal based nano carrier protect anxiety disorders in mice with the help of behavioral tests such as Elevated plus maze and open field tests and was recorded as Mean and SD, frequency and percentages accordingly. Conclusion: Therefore with the help of behavioral studies i.e. open field test and elevated plus maze test, eugenol and its liposomal based nano particle protect anxiety disorder in the mice by increasing the entry time and stay of mice in open arms for longer duration in elevated maze plus test and in open field the anxiety was reduced after mice spent most of time in the center rather than periphery.

effects of an oxytocin Antagonist (TT-235) on oxytocin induced contractions of human myometrial tissue of pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 197A-197A
Author(s):  
D GOTTMANN ◽  
S KAMIYA ◽  
L CASTRO ◽  
B NUWAYHID ◽  
G FLOURET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxytocin Antagonist

Chemically Contaminated Eel Fed to Pregnant and Lactating Mouse Dams Causes Hyperactivity in Their Offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Dridi ◽  
Nidhal Soualeh ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
Rachid Soulimani ◽  
Jaouad Bouayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Cage Test

Abstract.This study examined whether perinatal exposure to polluted eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) induces changes in the locomotor activity of offspring mice across lifespan (post-natal days (PNDs) 47 – 329), using the open field and the home cage activity tests. Dams were exposed during gestation and lactation, through diets enriched in eels naturally contaminated with pollutants including PCBs. Analysis of the eel muscle focused on the six non-dioxin-like (NDL) indicator PCBs (Σ6 NDL-PCBs: 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). Four groups of dams (n = 10 per group) received either a standard diet without eels or eels (0.8 mg/kg/day) containing 85, 216, or 400 ng/kg/day of ϵ6 NDL-PCBs. The open field test showed that early-life exposure to polluted eels increased locomotion in female offspring of exposed dams but not in males, compared to controls. This hyperlocomotion appeared later in life, at PNDs 195 and 329 (up to 32 % increase, p < 0.05). In addition, overactivity was observed in the home cage test at PND 305: exposed offspring females showed a faster overall locomotion speed (3.6 – 4.2 cm/s) than controls (2.9 cm/s, p <0.05); again, males remained unaffected. Covered distances in the home cage test were only elevated significantly in offspring females exposed to highest PCB concentrations (3411 ± 590 cm vs. 1377 ± 114 cm, p < 0.001). These results suggest that early-life exposure to polluted eels containing dietary contaminants including PCBs caused late, persistent and gender-dependent neurobehavioral hyperactive effects in offspring mice. Furthermore, female hyperactivity was associated with a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex.

Focusing of Visuospatial Attention

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Pesce ◽  
Rainer Bösel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Simple Rt

Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umiltà (e. g., 1990) , our experimental procedure was a variation of Posner's (1980) basic paradigm for exploring covert orienting of visuospatial attention. In a simple RT-task, a peripheral cue of varying size was presented unilaterally or bilaterally from a central fixation point and followed by a target at different stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs). The target could occur validly inside the cue or invalidly outside the cue with varying spatial relation to its boundary. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded to target stimuli under the different task conditions. RT and ERP findings showed converging aspects as well as dissociations. Electrophysiological results revealed an amplitude modulation of the ERPs in the early and late Nd time interval at both anterior and posterior scalp sites, which seems to be related to the effects of peripheral informative cues as well as to the attentional expertise. Results were: (1) shorter latency effects confirm the positive-going amplitude enhancement elicited by unilateral peripheral cues and strengthen the criticism against the neutrality of spatially nonpredictive peripheral cueing of all possible target locations which is often presumed in behavioral studies. (2) Longer latency effects show that subjects with attentional expertise modulate the distribution of the attentional resources in the visual space differently than nonexperienced subjects. Skilled practice may lead to minimizing attentional costs by automatizing the use of a span of attention that is adapted to the most frequent task demands and endogenously increases the allocation of resources to cope with less usual attending conditions.

Development of an Automated Open Field for Examining Cognitive Processes in Pigeons

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Leising ◽  
Michael Parenteau ◽  
Dennis Garlick ◽  
Aaron P. Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Cognitive Processes
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