Chemically Contaminated Eel Fed to Pregnant and Lactating Mouse Dams                     Causes Hyperactivity in Their Offspring

Abstract.This study examined whether perinatal exposure to polluted eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) induces changes in the locomotor activity of offspring mice across lifespan (post-natal days (PNDs) 47 – 329), using the open field and the home cage activity tests. Dams were exposed during gestation and lactation, through diets enriched in eels naturally contaminated with pollutants including PCBs. Analysis of the eel muscle focused on the six non-dioxin-like (NDL) indicator PCBs (Σ6 NDL-PCBs: 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). Four groups of dams (n = 10 per group) received either a standard diet without eels or eels (0.8 mg/kg/day) containing 85, 216, or 400 ng/kg/day of ϵ6 NDL-PCBs. The open field test showed that early-life exposure to polluted eels increased locomotion in female offspring of exposed dams but not in males, compared to controls. This hyperlocomotion appeared later in life, at PNDs 195 and 329 (up to 32 % increase, p < 0.05). In addition, overactivity was observed in the home cage test at PND 305: exposed offspring females showed a faster overall locomotion speed (3.6 – 4.2 cm/s) than controls (2.9 cm/s, p <0.05); again, males remained unaffected. Covered distances in the home cage test were only elevated significantly in offspring females exposed to highest PCB concentrations (3411 ± 590 cm vs. 1377 ± 114 cm, p < 0.001). These results suggest that early-life exposure to polluted eels containing dietary contaminants including PCBs caused late, persistent and gender-dependent neurobehavioral hyperactive effects in offspring mice. Furthermore, female hyperactivity was associated with a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex.

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High Dietary Fat Modulates Neurobehavioural Effect of Lopinavir/ Ritonavir in Mice

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666191011144930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 158-168

Author(s):

Olakunle J. Onaolapo ◽

Oluwole I. Adeyemi ◽

Omolola J. Amujoyegbe ◽

Eunice A. Fasola ◽

Anthony T. Olofinnade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Open Field ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Y Maze ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Induced Changes

Background: Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LR) is a protease inhibitor used human immunodeficiency virus infection management. There have been issues regarding the effects of fat on LR efficacy and the possibility of neurological deficits following prolonged use, there is however a dearth of research examining this. Aims: The effects of LR administered with normal or High-Fat Diet (HFD) on neurobehaviour, neurochemistry and oxidative stress in healthy mice were examined. Methods: Mice were randomly-assigned into eight groups of ten (n=10) animals each. The groups were normal control [Standard Diet, (SD)], HFD control, 3 groups of LR incorporated into SD (100/25, 200/50 and 400/100 mg/kg of feed), and 3 groups of LR with HFD (100/25, 200/50 and 400/100 mg/kg of feed). Mice were fed daily for six weeks, following which open field, elevated-plus maze (EPM), radial-arm maze and Y-maze behaviours were scored. Twenty-four hours after tests, mice were euthanised and brains were homogenised for estimation of oxidative stress, L-glutamate level and acetylcholinesterase activity. Results: LR was associated with a reduction in HFD-induced weight gain, suppression of open-field behaviours with SD, and counteraction of HFD-induced changes in working-memory, open-field and anxiety-related behaviours. Also, LR causes increased lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity; and a decrease in brain glutamate, irrespective of dietary composition. Increased fat catabolism leading to increased oxidative stress could possibly account for the weight changes, while a decrease in brain glutamate could account for the changes in open-field behaviours in mice fed SD. Conclusion: LR alters neurobehaviour, oxidative stress and brain glutamate in mice; however, only its effects on neurobehaviour are affected by diet.

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Grandmother’s Diet Matters: Early Life Programming with Sucrose Influences Metabolic and Lipid Parameters in Second Generation of Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 846 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Školníková ◽

Lucie Šedová ◽

Ondřej Šeda

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Second Generation ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sucrose Diet ◽

Fasting Glycaemia ◽

High Sucrose Diet ◽

High Sucrose

Early life exposure to certain environmental stimuli is related to the development of alternative phenotypes in mammals. A number of these phenotypes are related to an increased risk of disease later in life, creating a massive healthcare burden. With recent focus on the determination of underlying causes of common metabolic disorders, parental nutrition is of great interest, mainly due to a global shift towards a Western-type diet. Recent studies focusing on the increase of food or macronutrient intake don’t always consider the source of these nutrients as an important factor. In our study, we concentrate on the effects of high-sucrose diet, which provides carbohydrates in form of sucrose as opposed to starch in standard diet, fed in pregnancy and lactation in two subsequent generations of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and congenic SHR-Zbtb16 rats. Maternal sucrose intake increased fasting glycaemia in SHR female offspring in adulthood and increased their chow consumption in gravidity. High-sucrose diet fed to the maternal grandmother increased brown fat weight and HDL cholesterol levels in adult male offspring of both strains, i.e., the grandsons. Fasting glycaemia was however decreased only in SHR offspring. In conclusion, we show the second-generation effects of maternal exposition to a high-sucrose diet, some modulated to a certain extent by variation in the Zbtb16 gene.

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Acute stress differentially affects grooming subtypes and ultrasonic vocalisations in the open-field and home-cage test in rats

Behavioural Processes ◽

10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

pp. 104140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mijail Rojas-Carvajal ◽

Juan C. Brenes

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Home Cage ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Cage Test

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Prenatal and Early-Life Exposure to Indoor Air-Polluting Factors and Allergic Sensitization at 2 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2020-023861t ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 146 (Supplement 4) ◽

pp. S332.2-S333

Author(s):

Suzanne R. Kochis ◽

Jennifer Dantzer

Keyword(s):

Indoor Air ◽

Early Life ◽

Allergic Sensitization ◽

Early Life Exposure

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Early Life Exposure to Antibiotic Alters Energy Balance during Chronic High-Fat Feeding in Adult Male and Female Mice

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1999-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1999-P ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HYE LIM NOH ◽

SUJIN SUK ◽

RANDALL H. FRIEDLINE ◽

KUNIKAZU INASHIMA ◽

DUY A. TRAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Adult Male ◽

Early Life ◽

High Fat ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Fat Feeding

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Can a combination of vaccination, probiotic and organic acid treatment in layer hens protect against early life exposure to Salmonella Typhimurium and challenge at sexual maturity?

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.044 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter J. Groves ◽

Sarah L. Williamson ◽

Md. Ahaduzzaman ◽

Madeline Diamond ◽

Melanie Ngo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Early Life ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Layer Hens

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Early Origins of Body Mass in Later Life: Examining Childhood Risks and Adult Pathways

Journal of Health and Social Behavior ◽

10.1177/00221465211005419 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002214652110054

Author(s):

Sarah A. Mustillo ◽

Miao Li ◽

Patricia Morton ◽

Kenneth F. Ferraro

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass ◽

Health Risks ◽

Early Life ◽

Life Experiences ◽

Later Life ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Nationally Representative

Prior research reveals that negative early-life experiences play a major role in the development of obesity in later life, but few studies identify mechanisms that alter the lifetime risk of obesity. This study examines the influence of negative childhood experiences on body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI ≥30) during older adulthood and the psychosocial and behavioral pathways involved. Using a nationally representative sample, we examine the influence of cumulative misfortune as well as five separate domains of misfortune on BMI and obesity. Results show that four of the five domains are associated with BMI and obesity either directly, indirectly, or both. The influence of cumulative misfortune on the outcomes is mediated by three adult factors: socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. The mediators identified here provide targets for intervention among older adults to help offset the health risks of excess BMI attributable of early-life exposure to misfortune.

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