scholarly journals Eugenol and Its Liposomal Based Nano-carrier Protects Against Anxiety Disorder in Mice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fahad jibran siyal ◽  
rehan ahmed siddiqui ◽  
zahida memon ◽  
zahra batool ◽  
aneela Atta Ur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Plus Maze

Abstract Background: Anxiety can also be termed as excessive worry which last for at least more than six months and patients can have difficulty in controlling them. Anxiety is having 31% of life time prevalence and sad part is that the anxiety disorders are not treated and diagnosed well. 3.1% which is 6.8 Million peoples of America are having anxiety disorders. The main part of clove oil is eugenol along with caryophyllene. Eugenol is present at about 70 to 90 percentage and also it contains 15 percentage of total dry weight of bud. Methodology: Pre-clinical experimental study was conducted for 10-12 Months. Male BALB/c mice were purchased from ICCBS. Sample Size was 42 BALB/c mice and divided into 07 groups. Results: The animal model was developed and it was found that Eugenol and its liposomal based nano carrier protect anxiety disorders in mice with the help of behavioral tests such as Elevated plus maze and open field tests and was recorded as Mean and SD, frequency and percentages accordingly. Conclusion: Therefore with the help of behavioral studies i.e. open field test and elevated plus maze test, eugenol and its liposomal based nano particle protect anxiety disorder in the mice by increasing the entry time and stay of mice in open arms for longer duration in elevated maze plus test and in open field the anxiety was reduced after mice spent most of time in the center rather than periphery.

Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
A.R. Abubakar ◽  
◽  
I.H. Sani ◽  
S. Malami ◽  
A.H. Yaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test

Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent, Antidepressant, and Anxiolytic Effects of a Traditional Medicinal Plant for the Management of Behavioral Dysfunctions in Animal Models

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581989126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽  
Abdul Hayee ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Sattar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present work was carried out to assess the Onosma bracteatum anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Swiss albino mice (male) were fed orally with hydroalcoholic extract at different doses 50, 100, and 200 mg 1 hour prior to test with the standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated by using open field, elevated plus maze, force swimming, and tail suspension test. Results of open field test showed an increase in number of line crossing as well as number of rearing in dosage-dependent design. Although results of elevated plus maze test evidently showed antianxiety effect of O bracteatum by increasing the time spent in open arms along with decreasing the time spent in closed arms in dosage-dependent way. For the evaluation of antidepressant effect, O bracteatum diminished the immobility time and expanded mobility time in forced swim model in dosage-dependent way. Likewise, O bracteatum expanded time span of mobility along with diminished immobility time in tail suspension method in dosage-dependent way. Outcome demonstrated that plant at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed significant potential which was similar to that standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Hence, O bracteatum may be used as potent natural psychotherapeutic agent against the mental disorders.

Evaluation of the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests for the assessment of anxiety-related behaviour in inbred mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Carola ◽  
Francesca D'Olimpio ◽  
Emiliano Brunamonti ◽  
Franco Mangia ◽  
Paolo Renzi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plus Maze

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STATINS IN ANIMAL MODEL OF ANXIETY IN WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Jyothsna Vc ◽  
Balaji O ◽  
Bharti Chogtu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Group 5

Objective: Pleiotropic mechanisms of statins have been explored in treating neurological disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and depression. Hence, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of different statins in animal model of anxiety in Wistar rats.Methods: Sixty rats were divided into five groups of 6 rats each for each model. Two models were used, elevated plus maze and open-field model. Grouping is as follows: Group 1 - normal control (0.9% saline), Group 2 - alprazolam 0.5 mg/kg, Group 3 - atorvastatin 10 mg/kg, Group 4 - rosuvastatin 10 mg/kg, and Group 5 - pitavastatin 10 mg/kg. All drugs were given orally for 30 days.Results: In open-field model and in elevated plus maze, alprazolam, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin in comparison with control showed significant antianxiety effect (p<0.01 and p<0.001), respectively.Conclusion: Hence, further clinical trials can be done to see the effect of various statins on generalized anxiety disorder in comparison with standard antianxiety drugs. 

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical pathways underlying the effects of hypothalamo-hypophysial-adrenal hormones on exploratory activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-648
Author(s):  
Robert Lalonde ◽  
Catherine Strazielle
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Plus Maze

AbstractWhen injected via the intracerebroventricular route, corticosterone-releasing hormone (CRH) reduced exploration in the elevated plus-maze, the center region of the open-field, and the large chamber in the defensive withdrawal test. The anxiogenic action of CRH in the elevated plus-maze also occurred when infused in the basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal grey, and medial frontal cortex. The anxiogenic action of CRH in the defensive withdrawal test was reproduced when injected in the locus coeruleus, while the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral septum, nucleus accumbens, and lateral globus pallidus contribute to center zone exploration in the open-field. In addition to elevated plus-maze and open-field tests, the amygdala appears as a target region for CRH-mediated anxiety in the elevated T-maze. Thus, the amygdala is the principal brain region identified with these three tests, and further research must identify the neural circuits underlying this form of anxiety.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic activity of aerial part hydroethanolic extract of Allium ascalonicum Linn. (Liliaceae) in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidemi J. Akindele ◽  
Hakeem A. Sanni ◽  
Pamela C. Edeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Background: Allium ascalonicum Linn. (Liliaceae) is a mildly aromatic annual herb used to flavor food. Ethnobotanical survey revealed application of A. ascalonicumin the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.  Objective: To investigate the anxiolytic activity of aerial part hydroethanolic extract of A. ascalonicum. Methods: The hole-board, elevated plus maze, light/dark exploration, open field and social interaction tests were used in this study. Groups of mice were treated orally with distilled water (10 ml/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), and A. ascalonicum (50-400 mg/kg). Evaluations were done 1 h post-treatment and the duration of observation was mostly 5 min. In the hole-board test, mice were observed for number/duration of head dips and number of sectional crossings. In the elevated plus maze test, the time spent in the open/closed arms and the number of entries by mice were observed. In the light/dark exploration test, the latency of entry into the dark box, time spent in the light and dark compartments, number of rearing and assisted rearing were determined. In respect of the open field test, observations were made for the number of rearing, assisted rearing, and sectional crossings. In the social interaction test, pairs of mice were observed for number of interactions including sniffing, following, and partner grooming. Results: In the hole-board test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05, 0.01) increased the number/duration of head dips and number of sectional crossings. In the elevated plus maze test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of entries into the open arm with corresponding reduction in number of entries into the closed arm. In the light/dark exploration test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05, 0.01) increased the latency of entry into the dark box, time spent in the light box, and number of rearing and assisted rearing. In respect of the open field test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05, 0.01) increased the number of sectional crossings and rearing. Considering the social interaction test, A. ascalonicum significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of interactions. Peak anti-anxiety effects were mostly observed at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The aerial part hydroethanolic extract of Allium ascalonicum possesses anxiolytic properties. Keywords: Allium ascalonicum, Liliaceae, anxiolytic activity, medicinal plants, traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Behavioural and neurochemical characterisation of the anxiolytic properties of an aqueous extract of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants (Chenopodiaceae) in experimental mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Bigued ◽  
Germain Sotoing Taiwe ◽  
Jacqueline Stephanie Kameni Njapdounke ◽  
Joseph Ngaibi ◽  
Yvette Nguezeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Brain Gaba

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodiaceae) is a medicinal plant known for its anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities in Cameroonian folk medicine. Aim of the study: The aim of this work is to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extracts and investigate its mechanism of action. Materials and methods: Elevated plus maze test and open field test were used for detecting it anxiolytic properties. The possible mechanism of action of the aqueous extracts were investigated after pretreatment of animals with different antagonists of GABAA complex receptors (5 mg/kg N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide, 4 mg/kg flumazenil or 2 mg/kg bicuculline) 30 minutes prior to the oral administration of 370 mg/kg Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extract. Results: Dysphania ambrosioides increased the percentage of entries into and percentage of time in open arms, and reduced rearing, head dipping, and percentage of time in closed arms, in the elevated plus maze. It reduced rearing and defecation, and increased crossing, in the open field. In addition, anxiolytic-like properties of Dysphania ambrosioides were blocked by different antagonists of GABAA complex receptors (N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide, flumazenil or bicuculline) as examined in elevated plus maze test. Finally, the activity of GABA-T activity was inhibited and the brain GABA concentration was increased by the extracts, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that Dysphania ambrosioides possess anxiolytic-like properties in mice that might involve an action on benzodiazepine and/or GABA sites in the GABAA receptor complex or by modulating brain GABA concentration in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Involvement of GABAA Receptors in the Anxiolytic-Like Effect of Hydroxycitronellal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jéssica C. Andrade ◽  
Álefe B. Monteiro ◽  
Humberto H. N. Andrade ◽  
Thallita K. S. N. Gonzaga ◽  
Pablo R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Sedative Effects

Hydroxycitronellal (HC) is a monoterpene present in essential oils of aromatic plants of different species, obtained from semisynthesis of citronellal, and is widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the possible anxiolytic-like activity of HC and its possible mechanism of action using in vivo and in silico methodologies. Swiss male mice (Mus musculus) were treated with HC (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and subjected to the rota rod, elevated plus maze, and open field tests. No significant impairments were observed in the rota rod tests for the motor activity of the animals treated with HC at 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p., indicating no myo-relaxing or sedative effects. In the elevated plus maze, HC (in the three doses) induced significant increases in the percentage of entries (respectively, 34.8%, 33.8%, and 38.6%) and in the length of stay (respectively, 49.9%, 56.1%, and 57.0%) in the open arms of the EPM, as well as the number of crossings in the open field tests. The mechanism of action of the compound’s anxiolytic-like activity can be attributed to the involvement of GABAA receptors, and this interaction was observed in in vivo and in silico studies. For HC, the results suggest anxiolytic-like effects, possibly via modulation of the GABAergic system. The use of natural products to treat anxiety can become an alternative to existing synthetic products.

scholarly journals A Novel Nutraceutical Formulation Can Improve Motor Activity and Decrease the Stress Level in a Murine Model of Middle-Age Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Dimitris Tsoukalas ◽  
Ovidiu Zlatian ◽  
Mihaela Mitroi ◽  
Elisavet Renieri ◽  
Aristidis Tsatsakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze

Ageing is a genetically programmed physiological process that is modulated by numerous environmental factors, associated with decreasing physiological function, decreasing reproductive rate and increasing age-related mortality rate. Maintaining mobility performance and physical function in the elderly is the main objective of the successful ageing concept. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation containing Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol) on motor activity and anxiety with the use of a murine model of old animals, as a means of providing proof for clinical use in the elderly, for enhancing physical strength and improving life quality. Eighteen Sprague Dawley 18 months old male rats were divided into three groups and received corn oil (the control group) or 1 capsule/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 1) or 2 capsules/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 2), for a period of 3 months. The Reverse supplement (Natural Doctor S.A, Athens, Greece) contains 9 mg Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C (200 mg as magnesium ascorbate), zinc (5 mg as zinc citrate), vitamin D3 (50 µg as cholecalciferol) per capsule. Before and after the treatment, the motor function and behavioral changes for anxiety and depression were evaluated using the open-field test, elevated plus-maze test and rotarod test. The supplementation with Reverse (Natural Doctor S.A) supplement can improve the locomotor activity in old rats in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by an increase in the latency to leave from the middle square, in the number of rearings in the open field test, in the time spent in the open arms and time spent in the center in the elevated plus-maze test and the latency to all in all three consecutive trials in the rotarod test. Stress also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, following the treatment with Reverse supplement, as was demonstrated by the decrease in the number of groomings at the open field test and time spent in the dark and the number of groomings at the elevated plus-maze test.

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