scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and childhood obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Shaunak ◽  
Christopher D Byrne ◽  
Nikki Davis ◽  
Paul Afolabi ◽  
Saul N Faust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Early Disease Detection ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children and adolescents has an estimated prevalence of 36.1% in the context of obesity. This figure is anticipated to increase in conjunction with the global obesity epidemic. Worryingly, NAFLD in childhood persisting into adulthood is likely to be harmful, contributing to significant hepatic and extrahepatic morbidities. Early disease detection is required, although the optimum timing, frequency and mode of screening remains undetermined. While the efficacy of several medications, antioxidants, fatty acid supplements and probiotics has been investigated in children, healthy eating and physical activity remain the only prevention and treatment strategies for paediatric NAFLD. This short review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis and management of NAFLD in childhood obesity.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the role of the nurse

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Sup6) ◽  
pp. S15-S21
Author(s):  
Lea Ladegaard Grønkjær ◽  
Charlotte Wernberg ◽  
Mette Munk Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Western World ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Obesity is a frequent cause of morbidity in the Western world, and its prevalence has doubled since 1980. It is well known that conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes can be serious consequences of obesity. However, less is known about whether the liver may also be affected by the obesity epidemic. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in more than a quarter of the adult Western population, and the prevalence is increasing among both adults and children. NAFLD thus represents a common liver disease in the Western world. This is worrisome, because NAFLD can cause liver inflammation and various stages of fibrosis and eventually result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which both have a high mortality rate due to related complications. Lifestyle change is the most important aspect in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD, and nurses play an important role in the early detection of NAFLD and the prevention of its possible progression.

scholarly journals Murine models provide insight to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Reid ◽  
B. Eksteen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractAssociated with the obesity epidemic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading liver disease in North America. Approximately 30 % of patients with NAFLD may develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Frequently animal models are used to help identify underlying factors contributing to NAFLD including insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid metabolism and mitochondrial stress. However, studying the inflammatory, progressive nature of NASH in the context of obesity has proven to be a challenge in mice. Although the development of effective treatment strategies for NAFLD and NASH is gaining momentum, the field is hindered by a lack of a concise animal model that reflects the development of liver disease during obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, selecting an animal model to study NAFLD or NASH must be done carefully to ensure the optimal application. The most widely used animal models have been reviewed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages to studying NAFLD and NASH specifically in the context of obesity.

Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children with obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Rashdan Zaki Mohamed ◽  
Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin ◽  
Azriyanti Anuar Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Paediatric Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of childhood obesity and its related comorbidities in Malaysia are alarming. Malaysia ranked second in childhood obesity among South-east Asian countries with a prevalence of 12.7%. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among obese children and to ascertain the predictors associated with NAFLD.MethodsNAFLD was diagnosed via ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver in obese and overweight children who presented to the Paediatric Obesity Clinic of University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters were analysed and compared between the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. Statistical analyses were carried out.ResultsTwenty-one out of 33 obese and overweight children (63.6%) were found to have NAFLD. We found that 62% of our study population in the NAFLD group had metabolic syndrome based on the definition by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were found to be significantly greater in the NAFLD group compared to the non-NAFLD group (35.2 [6.1] vs. 29.3 [4.7] kg/m2 [p-value 0.007]; 104.1 [11.4] vs. 94.1 [12] cm [p-value 0.034]; 1.5 [0.9] vs. 0.9 [0.3] mmol/L [p-value 0.002]; 60.7 [53.8] vs. 27.3 [13] U/L [p-value 0.007]). Multivariate regression analysis revealed TG as the independent predictor for NAFLD, with an odds ratio of 41.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001, 0.819) (p-value 0.04).ConclusionsPrevalence of NAFLD among children who are obese and overweight is alarming with 62% having metabolic syndrome. TG was found to be a strong predictor for NAFLD.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Melania Manco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Paediatric Liver Disease ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of paediatric liver disease. It is the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), being almost always associated with obesity and insulin resistance, and frequently with abnormal triglyceride and/or cholesterol levels, abnormal blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance. Its increasing prevalence among children and adolescents has been attributed to the obesity epidemic and the modern western lifestyle, with excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates and saturated fats in combination with low levels of physical activity. Key questions need to be answered concerning the potential progression of NAFLD towards more severe forms of liver derangement, the worth of performing biopsies in children with suspected NAFLD and the role played by the disease in promoting and anticipating the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at an unexpectedly early age. The clinical relevance of these questions is undoubted, as NAFLD may cause significantly increased morbidity and mortality in adulthood.

scholarly journals Roles of Gut-Derived Secretory Factors in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Their Possible Clinical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Okubo ◽  
Akifumi Kushiyama ◽  
Yusuke Nakatsu ◽  
Takeshi Yamamotoya ◽  
Yasuka Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the global increase in the number of people diagnosed with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The gut-liver axis (GLA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we discuss the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of action of gut-derived secretory factors in NAFLD/NASH, focusing on recent human studies. Several studies have identified potential causal associations between gut-derived secretory factors and NAFLD/NASH, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The effects of gut-derived hormone-associated drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analog and recombinant variant of fibroblast growth factor 19, and other new treatment strategies for NAFLD/NASH have also been reported. A growing body of evidence highlights the role of GLA in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH. Larger and longitudinal studies as well as translational research are expected to provide additional insights into the role of gut-derived secretory factors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, possibly providing novel markers and therapeutic targets in patients with NAFLD/NASH.

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