Validation of ultrasound imaging for Achilles entheseal fibrocartilage in bovines and description of changes in humans with spondyloarthritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2165-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Zehra Aydin ◽  
Emine Bas ◽  
Onur Basci ◽  
Emilio Filippucci ◽  
Richard J Wakefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ultrasound Machine ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Masson Trichrome Staining

BackgroundEntheseal fibrocartilage (EF) derangement is hypothesised to be pivotal to the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Ultrasound is useful for visualisation of the enthesis but its role in EF visualisation is uncertain. This work aimed to demonstrate face and content validity of ultrasound for EF visualisation both by bovine histological evaluation and EF imaging in spondyloarthritis.MethodsAchilles enthesis of 18 bovine hindfeet was visualised using a MyLab 70 ultrasound machine. The presence of tissue with EF characteristics was documented and histological confirmation was performed on five randomly selected sections using Masson trichrome staining. Ultrasound of the Achilles tendon (AT) was performed in 19 patients with spondyloarthritis and 21 healthy controls (HC).ResultsThe bovine EF could be visualised in all cases and seen as a thin, uncompressible, well-defined, anechoic layer between the hyperechoic bone and the hyperechoic fibrils of the enthesis both in longitudinal and transverse scans. This region corresponded to EF on histological examination. The same pattern of low signal corresponding to EF location was seen in 17/19 patients and all HC. Discontinuities of the anechoic layer around the erosions and enthesophytes were observed in the spondyloarthritis group. The thickness of the anechoic layer was not significantly different in spondyloarthritis and HC (0.5±0.1 vs 0.5±0.2 mm, p=0.9) whereas the thickness of the EF was greater in men (0.6±0.2 vs 0.5±0.1 mm; p=0.009) compared with women.ConclusionUltrasound can visualise EF of the AT insertion, which can be abnormal in cases of spondyloarthritis. This has implications for a better understanding of enthesopathy.

scholarly journals Effect of Achilles Tendon Rupture on Player Performance and Longevity in Women’s National Basketball Association Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712198998
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Tramer ◽  
Lafi S. Khalil ◽  
Patrick Buckley ◽  
Alexander Ziedas ◽  
Patricia A. Kolowich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Career Longevity ◽  
Women's National Basketball Association ◽  
Player Performance

Background:Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) players have a greater incidence of lower extremity injury compared with male players, yet no data exist on functional outcomes after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR).Purpose:To evaluate the effect of Achilles tendon repair on game utilization, player performance, and career longevity in WNBA athletes.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:WNBA players from 1997 to 2019 with a history of ATR (n = 12) were matched 1:2 to a healthy control group. Player characteristics, game utilization, and in-game performance data were collected for each athlete, from which the player efficiency rating (PER) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed comparing postinjury data to preinjury baseline as well as cumulative career data. Changes at each time point relative to the preinjury baseline were also compared between groups.Results:Of the 12 players with ATR, 10 (83.3%) returned to play at the WNBA level at a mean (±SD) of 12.5 ± 3.3 months. Four players participated in only 1 WNBA season after injury. There were no differences in characteristics between the 10 players who returned to play after injury and the control group. After return to play, the WNBA players demonstrated a significant decrease in game utilization compared with preinjury, playing in 6.0 ± 6.9 fewer games, starting in 12.7 ± 15.4 fewer games, and playing 10.2 ± 9.1 fewer minutes per game ( P < .05 for all). After the index date of injury, the players with Achilles repair played 2.1 ± 1.2 more years in the WNBA, while control players played 5.35 ± 3.2 years ( P < .01) Additionally, the players with Achilles repair had a significant decrease in PER in the year after injury compared with preinjury (7.1 ± 5.3 vs 11.0 ± 4.4; P = .02). The reduction in game utilization and decrease in PER in these players was maintained when compared with the matched controls ( P < .05 for both).Conclusion:The majority of WNBA players who sustained ATR were able to return to sport after their injury; however, their career longevity was shorter than that of healthy controls. There was a significant decrease in game utilization and performance in the year after return to play compared with healthy controls.

scholarly journals Prognostic relevance of Ki-67 and P16/INK4a markers in histological diagnosis of cervical dysplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
T. A. Dimitriadi ◽  
D. V. Burtsev ◽  
E. A. Dzhenkova ◽  
T. N. Gudtskova ◽  
K. V. Dvadnenko
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
P16 Ink4a

Purpose of the study. To determine the quantitative parameters of the molecular markers Ki‑67 and p16/INK4a at CIN 1–3 and to establish the possibility of using them to improve the quality of diagnosis by histological samples.Patients and methods. Biopsy material of the cervix was studied in 71 patients who were carriers of HPV infection. Immunohistochemical method (IHC) in biopsy specimens determined the expression of Ki‑67 and p16/INK4a markers.Results. According to the results of a standard histological examination, the distribution of patientsinto groups occurred as follows: CIN 1–18, in CIN 2–39, in CIN 3–14 patients. It was found that the expression of the studied markers is associated with the severity of dysplastic changes in the tissue of the cervix. By the studied marker, the most characteristic molecular profiles for the degrees of dysplasia were determined: CIN1 – Ki‑67–15–25%, p16/INK4a 10–15%; CIN2 – Ki‑67–70–80%, p16/INK4a – 65–70%; CIN3 – Ki‑67–85–90%, p16/INK4a – 90–95%. Heterogeneity was revealed in the expression of these markersin the CIN 2 group: in 7 cases (22,6%), the molecular profile corresponded to CIN 1, in 1 case (3,6%) to CIN 3. Clinical examples of using the IHC profile to clarify the degree of CIN are given.Conclusion. The use of an IHC study with Ki‑67 and p16/INK4a, in addition to the standard histological examination, makes it possible to objectify the initial diagnosis of the degree of CIN, as well as to identify patients with a high and low risk of developing severe injuries. This is especially true for the CIN2 group, the most problematic in terms of histological evaluation and tactics of clinical management of patients. The use of IHC in the initial diagnosis will contribute to: improving the information content of multiple aimed and loop excisional biopsies; reduction in relapse due to inadequate treatment; eliminating the unreasonable use of such a traumatic method as conization (especially in women of childbearing age).

Histological Examination on Achilles Tendon Lesions Induced by Quinolone Antibacterial Agents in Juvenile Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyuki Kato ◽  
Sanae Takada ◽  
Yoko Kashida ◽  
Mamoru Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Juvenile Rats

Research on the Examination Value of High-Frequency Ultrasound in the Postoperative Rehabilitation Treatment of Sports Injury Achilles Tendon Rupture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 918-922
Author(s):  
Hai Wang ◽  
Ningning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

The objective of the paper is to explore the examination value of high-frequency ultrasonography in the postoperative rehabilitation treatment of Achilles tendon injury occurred during sports events. The high-frequency ultrasound imaging technique was applied to examine the Achilles tendon injuries of patients. After the patients accepted Achilles tendon rupture repair surgeries, ultrasound imaging was applied to detect the rehabilitation conditions during the recovery processes. The diagnosis was mainly performed through the Achilles tendon sonograms examined 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks after the surgeries respectively; in addition, the changes in the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) and the elasticity modulus of repaired Achilles tendons were observed 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks after the surgeries respectively. The results showed that the Achilles tendon was significantly improved after the postoperative rehabilitation, and the average AOFAS score was positively correlated with the elasticity modulus of the repaired Achilles tendon. In addition, the research results also indicated that the high-frequency ultrasound technology could accurately observe the thickness, area, and internal echo of the Achilles tendons of patients dynamically in real-time, which was convenient and quick. After the patient had undergone rehabilitation training, high-frequency ultrasound could be used to detect the postoperative rehabilitation conditions of patients, thereby the real-time rehabilitation conditions of the patients would be obtained.

scholarly journals Differential strain patterns of the human Achilles tendon determined in vivo with freehand three-dimensional ultrasound imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Farris ◽  
G. Trewartha ◽  
M. P. McGuigan ◽  
G. A. Lichtwark
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Tendon structure quantified using ultrasound imaging differs based on location and training type

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton L. Hagan ◽  
Todd Hullfish ◽  
Ellen Casey ◽  
Josh R. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Collagen Alignment ◽  
Tendon Remodeling ◽  
Tendon Collagen

Achilles tendinopathy is 10 times more common among running athletes compared with age-matched peers. Load-induced tendon remodeling and its progression in an at-risk population of developing symptomatic tendinopathy are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to prospectively characterize Achilles and patellar tendon structure in competitive collegiate distance runners over different competitive seasons using quantitative ultrasound imaging. Twenty-two collegiate cross-country runners and eleven controls were examined for this study. Ultrasound images of bilateral Achilles and patellar tendons were obtained near the start and end of the collegiate cross-country season and the conclusion outdoor track season. Collagen organization, mean echogenicity, tendon thickness, and neovascularity were determined using well-established image processing techniques. Achilles tendon collagen was less aligned in runners compared with controls (28% greater) but improved slightly (7% decrease) after the completion of the track season. Conversely, patellar tendons in runners were similar to control tendons throughout the cross-country season but underwent collagen alignment (17% decrease) and tendon hypertrophy (21% increase). Our findings indicate that Achilles tendon structure in trained runners differs structurally from control tendons but is stable throughout training while patellar tendon structure changes in response to the transition in training volume between cross-country and track seasons. These findings expand upon prior reports that some degree of tendon remodeling may act as a protective adaptation for sport specific loading. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study we prospectively examined the Achilles and patellar tendon structure of distance runners to determine if continued training through multiple seasons elicits tendon remodeling or pathology. We found that Achilles and patellar tendons respond uniquely to the changing loads required during each season. Achilles tendon collagen alignment is mostly stable throughout the competitive cycle, but the patellar tendon structurally remodels following the transition from cross-country to track season.

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