scholarly journals Increasing antituberculosis drug resistance in the United Kingdom: analysis of national surveillance data

BMJ ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 336 (7655) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E Kruijshaar ◽  
John M Watson ◽  
Francis Drobniewski ◽  
Charlotte Anderson ◽  
Timothy J Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Antituberculosis Drug ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Drug resistance among infantile enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated in the United Kingdom.

BMJ ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 285 (6340) ◽  
pp. 472-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Gross ◽  
L R Ward ◽  
E J Threlfall ◽  
H King ◽  
B Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Newly Emerged Serotype 1c of Shigella flexneri: Multiple Origins and Changing Drug Resistance Landscape

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Pawan Parajuli ◽  
Bui Quang Minh ◽  
Naresh K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri is a major cause of under-five mortality in developing countries, where a novel S. flexneri serotype 1c has become very common since the 1980s. However, the origin and diversification of serotype 1c remain poorly understood. To understand the evolution of serotype 1c and their antimicrobial resistance, we sequenced and analyzed the whole-genome of 85 clinical isolates from the United Kingdom, Egypt, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Japan belonging to serotype 1c and related serotypes of 1a, 1b and Y/Yv. We identified up to three distinct O-antigen modifying genes in S. flexneri 1c strains, which were acquired from three different bacteriophages. Our analysis shows that S. flexneri 1c strains have originated from serotype 1a and serotype 1b strains after the acquisition of bacteriophage-encoding gtrIc operon. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis using core genes suggests two distinct S. flexneri 1c lineages, one specific to Bangladesh, which originated from ancestral serotype 1a strains and the other from the United Kingdom, Egypt, and Vietnam originated from ancestral serotype 1b strains. We also identified 63 isolates containing multiple drug-resistant genes in them conferring resistance against streptomycin, sulfonamide, quinolone, trimethoprim, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactamase. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility assays showed 83 (97.6%) isolates as either complete or intermediate resistance to the WHO-recommended first- and second-line drugs. This changing drug resistance pattern demonstrates the urgent need for drug resistance surveillance and renewed treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals Analysis of prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in primary infections in the United Kingdom

BMJ ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 322 (7294) ◽  
pp. 1087-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
UK Collaborative Group on Monitoring the Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Demonstration of Sustained Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Lineages Circulating among Treatment-Naïve Individuals

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2645-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Hué ◽  
Robert J. Gifford ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
Esther Fernhill ◽  
Deenan Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is well-recognized and compromises response to first-line therapy. However, the population dynamics of transmitted resistance remains unclear, although previous models have assumed that such transmission reflects direct infection from treated individuals. We investigated whether population-based phylogenetic analyses would uncover lineages of resistant viruses circulating in untreated individuals. Through the phylogenetic analysis of 14,061 HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene sequences generated in the United Kingdom from both treatment-naïve and -experienced individuals, we identified five treatment-independent viral clusters containing mutations conferring cross-resistance to antiretroviral drugs prescribed today in the United Kingdom. These viral lineages represent sustainable reservoirs of resistance among new HIV infections, independent of treatment. Dated phylogenies reconstructed through Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inference indicated that these reservoirs originated between 1997 and 2003 and have persisted in the HIV-infected population for up to 8 years. Since our cohort does not represent all infected individuals within the United Kingdom, our results are likely to underestimate the number and size of the resistant reservoirs circulating among drug-naïve patients. The existence of sustained reservoirs of resistance in the absence of treatment has the capacity to threaten the long-term efficacy of antiretroviral therapy and suggests there is a limit to the decline of transmitted drug resistance. Given the current decrease in resistance transmitted from treated individuals, a greater proportion of resistance is likely to come from drug-naïve lineages. These findings provide new insights for the planning and management of treatment programs in resource-rich and developing countries.

scholarly journals Recent trends and patterns in HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in the United Kingdom

HIV Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tostevin ◽  
E White ◽  
D Dunn ◽  
S Croxford ◽  
V Delpech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Hiv 1

Epidemiology of Robin sequence in the United Kingdom and Ireland: findings of a national surveillance study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Wright ◽  
Felicity Mehendale ◽  
Patricia Jackson ◽  
Edile Murdoch ◽  
Sheila Javadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Robin Sequence

Non-white cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A 28 year review of United Kingdom National Surveillance Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 117416
Author(s):  
Gavin Langlands ◽  
Jan Mackenzie ◽  
Cat Graham ◽  
Neil Watson ◽  
Anna Molesworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Jakob Disease
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