scholarly journals Mental health and suicidal ideation in US military veterans with histories of COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001846
Author(s):  
Peter Na ◽  
J Tsai ◽  
I Harpaz-Rotem ◽  
R Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Internalising Disorders

IntroductionThere have been reports of increased prevalence in psychiatric conditions in non-veteran survivors of COVID-19. To date, however, no known study has examined the prevalence, risk and protective factors of psychiatric conditions among US military veterans who survived COVID-19.MethodsData were analysed from the 2019 to 2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a nationally representative, prospective cohort of 3078 US veterans. Prepandemic and 1-year peripandemic risk and protective factors associated with positive screens for peripandemic internalising (major depressive, generalised anxiety and/or posttraumatic stress disorders) and externalising psychiatric disorders (alcohol and/or drug use disorders) and suicidal ideation were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 233 veterans (8.6%) reported having been infected with COVID-19. Relative to veterans who were not infected, veterans who were infected were more likely to screen positive for internalising disorders (20.5% vs 13.9%, p=0.005), externalising disorders (23.2% vs 14.8%, p=0.001) and current suicidal ideation (12.0% vs 7.6%, p=0.015) at peripandemic. Multivariable analyses revealed that greater prepandemic psychiatric symptom severity and COVID-related stressors were the strongest independent predictors of peripandemic internalising disorders, while prepandemic trauma burden was protective. Prepandemic suicidal ideation, greater loneliness and lower household income were the strongest independent predictors of peripandemic suicidal ideation, whereas prepandemic community integration was protective.ConclusionPsychiatric symptoms and suicidal ideation are prevalent in veterans who have survived COVID-19. Veterans with greater prepandemic psychiatric and substance use problems, COVID-related stressors and fewer psychosocial resources may be at increased risk of these outcomes.

Longitudinal courses of suicidal ideation in U.S. military veterans: a 7-year population-based, prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sarah Herzog ◽  
Jack Tsai ◽  
Brandon Nichter ◽  
Lorig Kachadourian ◽  
Ilan Harpaz-Rotem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
National Probability Sample ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Varied longitudinal courses of suicidal ideation (SI) may be linked to unique sets of risk and protective factors. Method A national probability sample of 2291 U.S. veterans was followed over four assessments spanning 7 years to examine how a broad range of baseline risk and protective factors predict varying courses of SI. Results Most veterans (82.6%) denied SI at baseline and all follow-ups, while 8.7% had new onset SI, 5.4% chronic SI, and 3.3% remitted SI. Compared to the no-SI group, chronic SI was associated with childhood trauma, baseline major depressive and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (MDD/PTSD), physical health difficulties, and recent traumatic stressors. Remitted veterans had the highest risk of a prior suicide attempt (SA) compared to no-SI [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 3.31] and chronic SI groups (RRR = 4.65); and high rates of MDD/PTSD (RRR = 7.62). New onset SI was associated with recent stressors and physical health difficulties. All symptomatic SI groups reported decrements in protective factors, specifically, social connectedness, trait curiosity/exploration, and purpose in life. Conclusion Nearly one-in-five veterans reported SI over a 7-year period, most of whom evidenced new onset or remitted SI courses. Chronic and remitted SI may represent particularly high-risk SI courses; the former was associated with higher rates of prospective SA, and psychiatric and physical distress, and the latter with increased likelihood of prior SA, and isolation from social and mental health supports. Physical disability, MDD/PTSD, and recent stressors may be important precipitating or maintaining factors of SI, while social connectedness may be a key target for suicide prevention efforts.

Risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom

2010 ◽  
Vol 123 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Pietrzak ◽  
Marc B. Goldstein ◽  
James C. Malley ◽  
Alison J. Rivers ◽  
Douglas C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Iraqi Freedom

Physical Conflict During Pregnancy: A Socioecological, Cross-Cultural Examination of Risk and Protective Factors for New Zealand Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122097135
Author(s):  
Amy L. Bird ◽  
Lisa Underwood ◽  
Sarah Berry ◽  
Cameron C. Grant ◽  
Pauline Gulliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Participants were 5,831 women in their third trimester of pregnancy, part of a large, longitudinal, pre-birth national cohort study. Women reported on their experience of pushing and shoving, throwing or breaking objects within their relationship over the past month. Univariable regression models examined the association of a large number of potential risk and protective factors. Those significant at the univariable level were carried forward into final multivariable analyses, stratified by New Zealand’s four main ethnic groups: European, Māori, Pacific, and Asian peoples. Relationship commitment, reduced family cohesion, and perceived stress were associated with increased risk across ethnic groups.

Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation Among Taiwanese Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-Hsia Wang ◽  
Hsiao-Jung Lai ◽  
Hsiu-Yueh Hsu ◽  
Min-Tao Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors

scholarly journals Non-genetic risk and protective factors and biomarkers for neurological disorders: a meta-umbrella systematic review of umbrella reviews

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis ◽  
Efthimios Dardiotis ◽  
Vasiliki Efthymiou ◽  
George P. Chrousos
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The etiologies of chronic neurological diseases, which heavily contribute to global disease burden, remain far from elucidated. Despite available umbrella reviews on single contributing factors or diseases, no study has systematically captured non-purely genetic risk and/or protective factors for chronic neurological diseases. Methods We performed a systematic analysis of umbrella reviews (meta-umbrella) published until September 20th, 2018, using broad search terms in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, DARE, and PROSPERO. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this study. Reference lists of the identified umbrella reviews were also screened, and the methodological details were assessed using the AMSTAR tool. For each non-purely genetic factor association, random effects summary effect size, 95% confidence and prediction intervals, and significance and heterogeneity levels facilitated the assessment of the credibility of the epidemiological evidence identified. Results We identified 2797 potentially relevant reviews, and 14 umbrella reviews (203 unique meta-analyses) were eligible. The median number of primary studies per meta-analysis was 7 (interquartile range (IQR) 7) and that of participants was 8873 (IQR 36,394). The search yielded 115 distinctly named non-genetic risk and protective factors with a significant association, with various strengths of evidence. Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), cognitive impairment, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases in general. In Parkinson disease (PD) and AD/dementia, coffee consumption, and physical activity were protective factors. Low serum uric acid levels were associated with increased risk of PD. Smoking was associated with elevated risk of multiple sclerosis and dementia but lower risk of PD, while hypertension was associated with lower risk of PD but higher risk of dementia. Chronic occupational exposure to lead was associated with higher risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Late-life depression was associated with higher risk of AD and any form of dementia. Conclusions We identified several non-genetic risk and protective factors for various neurological diseases relevant to preventive clinical neurology, health policy, and lifestyle counseling. Our findings could offer new perspectives in secondary research (meta-research).

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