scholarly journals Effects of global and domestic tobacco control policies on cigarette consumption per capita: an evaluation using monthly data in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e025092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Xu ◽  
Xiulan Zhang ◽  
Teh Wei Hu ◽  
Leonard S Miller ◽  
Mengnan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cigarette Prices

IntroductionChina consumes 44% of the world’s cigarettes. Robust tobacco control measures are needed to contain the trend of increasing cigarette consumption. This paper examines the effectiveness of policy interventions introduced in China on reducing the country’s tobacco use.MethodsThe paper uses data on China’s monthly cigarette consumption per capita from January 2000 to June 2017 to estimate the impact of specific policies on China’s tobacco consumption. Tobacco consumption is calculated from monthly sales data from the China National Tobacco Corporation and demographic data from the China National Bureau of Statistics. The policies studied include the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), national tobacco-related policy changes and two tobacco tax increases implemented in China during the study period. Segmented regression analysis is used to estimate the immediate effects of the policies studied and changes in the time trends resulted from these policy changes.FindingsThe impact of national policy changes in China is almost 20 times greater than the impact of the WHO FCTC treaty itself, and national policy changes in tobacco control are a determining factor in reversing the trend of increasing tobacco consumption in China. The 2015 tax increase, which raised retail cigarette prices, produced both immediate and trend effects, with a total incremental effect 7.8 times that of the 2009 tax increase, which did not result in higher cigarette prices for the consumer.InterpretationsTranslating global tobacco control policies into domestic policies will generate a much greater impact on reducing average cigarette consumption, and tobacco taxes that are reflected in the retail prices of cigarettes will be more effective in reducing cigarette consumption.

The heterogeneous impact of a successful tobacco control campaign: a case study of Mauritius

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Ross ◽  
Leelmanee Moussa ◽  
Tom Harris ◽  
Rajive Ajodhea
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Income Households

BackgroundMauritius has one of the highest smoking prevalences in Africa, contributing to its high burden of non-communicable diseases. Mauritius implemented a series of tobacco control measures from 2009 to 2012, including tobacco tax increases. There is evidence that these policies reduced tobacco consumption, but it is not clear what impact they had across different socioeconomic groups.MethodThe impact of tobacco control measures on different income groups was analysed by contrasting household tobacco expenditures reported in 2006–2007 and 2012 household expenditure surveys. We employed the seemingly unrelated regression model to assess the impact of tobacco use on other household expenditures and calculated Gini coefficients to assess tobacco expenditure inequality.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012, excise taxes and retail cigarette prices increased by 40.6% and 15.3% in real terms, respectively. These increases were accompanied by numerous non-price tobacco control measures. The share of tobacco-consuming households declined from 35.7% to 29.3%, with the largest relative drop among low-income households. The Gini coefficient of household tobacco expenditures increased by 10.4% due to decreased spending by low-income households. Low-income households demonstrated the largest fall in their tobacco budget shares, and the impact of tobacco consumption on poverty decreased by 26.2%. Households that continued purchasing tobacco reduced their expenditures on transportation, communication, health, and education.ConclusionsThese results suggest that tobacco control policies, including sizeable tax increases, were progressive in their impact. We conclude that tobacco use increases poverty and inequality, but stronger tobacco control policies can mitigate the impact of tobacco use on impoverishment.

The impact of comprehensive tobacco control policies on cardiovascular diseases in Beijing, China

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Wu ◽  
Zijing Wang ◽  
Yunting Zheng ◽  
Mengying Wang ◽  
Siyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beijing China

scholarly journals Time series analysis of the impact of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence among Australian adults, 2001–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A Wakefield ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Sarah J Durkin ◽  
Michelle Scollo ◽  
Megan Bayly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Heated tobacco products: another tobacco industry global strategy to slow progress in tobacco control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s111-s117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella A Bialous ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Slow Progress

There has been a global decline in tobacco consumption that, if continued, will negatively impact the tobacco industry’s profits. This decline led the industry to invent and market new products, including heated tobacco products (HTP). HTP are an extension of the industry’s strategies to undermine government’s tobacco regulatory efforts as they are being promoted as part of the solution for the tobacco epidemic. Under the moniker of ‘harm reduction’, the tobacco companies are attempting to rehabilitate their reputation so they can more effectively influence governments to roll back existing tobacco control policies or create exemptions for their HTP. Rolling back tobacco control policies will make it easier for the companies to renormalise tobacco use to increase social acceptability for all their products. When regulations are absent or when loopholes exist in classifying HTP as a tobacco product (thus subject to all tobacco control regulations), the industry’s marketing of HTP is making these products more visible to the public and more accessible. Governments need to ensure that HTP are regulated as tobacco products or drugs and reject partnerships with the tobacco companies to promote ‘harm reduction’. The tobacco companies remain the vector of the tobacco-caused epidemic and cannot be part of the global tobacco control solution.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Among Socioeconomic Groups in Nine European Countries, 1990–2007

2016 ◽  
pp. ntw210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannan Hu ◽  
Frank J. van Lenthe ◽  
Stephen Platt ◽  
Jizzo R. Bosdriesz ◽  
Eero Lahelma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Impact
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