scholarly journals Alpha herpes virus type and viral load in intraocular fluids in patients with acute retinal necrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna von Hofsten ◽  
Tomas Bergström ◽  
Madeleine Zetterberg
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

ObjectivesTo identify all patients tested positive for herpes viruses in intraocular samples between 2007 and 2016 in South-Western Sweden and evaluate which of these met the criteria of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). To compare viral load in intraocular samples and virus type with clinical outcome.Method and analysisRetrospective case series. Intraocular samples and serum were analysed with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and presence of antibodies (IgG and IgM) were detected by ELISA in serum.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2016, 13 patients met the clinical criteria of ARN and were PCR-positive in aqueous or vitreous for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1; n=4), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2; n=3) and varicella zoster virus (VZV; n=6). None of the patients tested positive for cytomegalovirus (n=13) or Epstein Barr virus (n=2) met the criteria of ARN. All ARN patients had specific serum IgG and three patients exhibited virus DNA in serum. There was no correlation between high viral load and worse visual outcome. However, higher viral loads were seen in samples taken earlier in the disease process. Median age was higher (p=0.049) in VZV-ARN than for HSV-ARN patients (60.5 and 45.4 years, respectively) with a tendency of worse best corrected visual acuity at presentation (1.62 and 0.79 log MAR, respectively; p=0.079).ConclusionARN is a reactivation of alpha herpes virus and presence of herpes DNA in serum may occur. VZV-ARN are older than HSV-ARN patients. High viral load does not appear to be a predictor of worse visual outcome, but rather indicates earlier sampling.

scholarly journals Pathological processes of immunological decontamination of herpes simplex virus type 1 from the cornea

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Т.З. Керимов ◽  
В.П. Соболев ◽  
М.А. Соболева ◽  
Н.А. Гаврилова ◽  
С.А. Борзенок
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

В обзоре представлено описание патофизиологических механизмов герпесвирусной инфекции. Согласно данным медицинской статистики, вирусом простого герпеса 1 типа инфицировано большинство населения планеты. В развивающихся странах данный вирус является ведущей инфекционной причиной поражения роговицы. Также вирусу простого герпеса 1 типа отводится роль одного из факторов, приводящих к отторжению трансплантата роговицы. Вышеописанные патологические явления сопряжены с перестройкой клеточных систем в ответ на вирусное воздействие. Недавние открытия в данной области обнаружили значительный вклад трансмембранных и эндосомальных Toll-подобных рецепторов во врожденный противовирусный клеточный ответ. Показано, что эндосомальные Toll-подобные рецепторы 3 типа экспрессируются в кератоцитах только после их фенотипического перехода в фибробласты. Данная трансформация обычно происходит в результате механических и патогенных воздействий на роговицу. Изменение рецепторного состава клеток в ответ на герпесвирусную инвазию вызывает выработку интерферонов 1 типа - интерферона-альфа, интерферона-бета, и синтезу провоспалительных цитокинов, что приводит к вирусной деконтаминации. This review describes pathophysiological mechanisms of herpes virus infection in cornea cells. It has been previously reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects most of the world’s population. In developing countries, HSV-1 is the leading infectious cause of corneal damage. Also, herpes simplex virus type 1 was assigned the role of one of the factors leading to rejection of the corneal transplant. These pathological phenomena are associated with restructuring of cellular systems in response to viral exposure. Recent discoveries have revealed a significant contribution of transmembrane and endosomal Toll-like receptors to the innate antiviral cell response. It is well known that endosomal Toll-like receptors-3 are expressed in keratocytes only after their phenotypic transformation to fibroblasts. This transformation usually occurs as a result of mechanical or infectious impact on the cornea. Changes in the receptor composition of cells as a response to herpes virus invasion is the main cause of type 1 interferons (interferon-alpha and interferon-beta) production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which leads to viral decontamination.

scholarly journals Glycoprotein D Homologs in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, Pseudorabies Virus, and Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 Bind Directly to Human HveC (Nectin-1) with Different Affinities

Virology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Connolly ◽  
J.Charles Whitbeck ◽  
Ann H. Rux ◽  
Claude Krummenacher ◽  
Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Glycoprotein D ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Réactivations à herpès virus (HSV, CMV) en réanimation : qui et quand traiter ?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
C.-E. Luyt ◽  
G. Hékimian ◽  
N. Bréchot
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Charge Virale

Les réactivations à herpès simplex virus (HSV) et à cytomégalovirus (CMV) sont fréquentes chez le patient non immunodéprimé de réanimation. La réactivation HSV est localisée aux voies aériennes ; elle débute au niveau oropharyngé, progresse de façon descendante avec la contamination des voies aériennes distales et peut aboutir, chez certains malades, à une véritable bronchopneumonie herpétique. Elle est en outre associée à un pronostic défavorable. Le traitement prophylactique et préemptif des réactivations HSV ne peut pas être préconisé à l’heure actuelle. Le traitement curatif repose sur un avis d’experts, chez des malades présentant soit une charge virale élevée dans les voies aériennes distales, soit des signes cytologiques d’atteinte parenchymateuse pulmonaire sur les cellules recueillies lors du lavage bronchoalvéolaire. La réactivation CMV sanguine est fréquente et peut être isolée ou associée à une réactivation/atteinte pulmonaire et est aussi associée à un pronostic défavorable. Le traitement prophylactique de la réactivation CMV ne peut pas être préconisé, et le traitement préemptif est en cours d’évaluation. À l’heure actuelle, le traitement curatif des maladies pulmonaires à CMV repose soit sur des signes histologiques d’atteinte pulmonaire, soit sur un faisceau d’arguments clinicobiologiques évoquant une possible maladie à CMV.

scholarly journals Results From a Hypothesis Generating Case-Control Study: Herpes Family Viruses and Schizophrenia Among Military Personnel

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Niebuhr ◽  
Amy M. Millikan ◽  
Robert Yolken ◽  
Yuanzhang Li ◽  
Natalya S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Herpes Viruses ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Herpes family viruses can cause central nervous system inflammatory changes that can present with symptoms indistinguishable from schizophrenia and therefore are of interest in schizophrenia research. Most existing studies of herpes viruses have used small populations and postdiagnosis specimens. As part of a larger research program, we conducted a hypothesis-generating case-control study of selected herpes virus antibodies among individuals discharged from the US military with schizophrenia and pre- and postdiagnosis sera. Methods: Cases (n = 180) were servicemembers hospitalized and discharged from military service with schizophrenia. Controls, 3:1 matched on several factors, were members not discharged. The military routinely collects and stores members' serum specimens. We used microplate enzyme immunoassay to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to 6 herpes viruses in pre- and postdiagnosis specimens. Conditional logistic regression was used, and the measure of association was the hazard ratio (HR). Results: Overall, we found a significant association between human herpes virus type 6 and schizophrenia, with an HR of 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.32). Women and blacks had significant negative associations with herpes simplex virus type 2 and cytomegalovirus; among blacks, there was a significant positive association with herpes simplex virus type 1. Among men, there was a HHV-6 temporal effect with an HR of 1.41 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.96) for sera drawn 6–12 months before diagnosis. Discussion: Findings from previous studies of herpes family viruses and schizophrenia have been inconsistent. Our study is based on a larger population than most previous studies and used serum specimens collected before onset of illness. This study adds to the body of knowledge and provides testable hypotheses for follow-on studies.

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