Infectious hepatitis: protection by immunoglobulin

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
Viral Illness

Although the virus has not yet been isolated, all the available evidence suggests that infectious hepatitis is a viral illness. Failure to isolate the virus or viruses responsible means that specific antibodies to the virus antigen cannot be produced in the laboratory, neither can the virus be modified artificially and used to evoke active immunity. After an attack of infectious hepatitis an individual is usually immune from further attacks; the antibodies responsible for the immunity are contained in IgG fractions of the gamma globulin.

CLINICAL CONFERENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman ◽  
Robert Ward
Keyword(s):  
England Journal ◽  
New England ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
State School ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Of Admission

Dr. Krugman: Since 1953 approximately 400 cases of infectious hepatitis with jaundice have been observed at the Willowbrook State School on Staten Island. The studies to be described were carried out in collaboration with Dr. Robert Ward and Dr. Joan Giles of our staff, Dr. A. Milton Jacobs of Willowbrook State School and Dr. Oscar Bodansky of Sloan-Kettering Institute. I should like to present a progress report of our investigations which have been concerned with the prevention and natural history of infectious hepatitis at Willowbrook. (A report of these studies has recently appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine (248:407, 1958) to which the reader may refer for further details.) It had been previously reported by Stokes and associates that the administration of gamma-globulin was followed by not only a lower incidence of hepatitis but also a prolongation of the protective effect. Stokes postulated that "passive-active" immunity was responsible for this phenomenon. The epidemic of hepatitis at Willowbrook provided us with an opportunity to test this hypothesis. Effect of Gamma-globulin on the Frequency of Infectious Hepatitis. Figure 1 illustrates the course of the outbreak at Willowbrook beginning in January, 1955. As can be seen, hepatitis continued to occur at a rate of about two to three cases per week. The cases, predominantly in children, occurred in 18 buildings in the institution. In June of 1956 gamma-globulin, 0.01 ml/lb, was administered to approximately a third of the inmates of each building. The control and inoculated groups were comparable as to age and time of admission to Willowbrook.

Les Gamma-Globulines et la Médecine des Enfants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-342
Author(s):  
DAVID GITLIN
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
International Seminar ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Normal Metabolism

This paper-backed volume, written entirely in French, is a collection of 14 papers presented at an International Seminar on Gamma-globulin held in Paris in December, 1954. The subjects covered ranged from the physicochemical characterization of the gamma-globulins to the therapeutic uses of these plasma proteins in the treatment of such diseases as poliomyelitis, the exanthemata, typhoid fever, pertussis and infectious hepatitis. The normal metabolism of gamma-globulin is discussed and also considered are those diseases associated with abnormalities in gamma-globulin metabolism, such as hypogammaglobulinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF ANTIBODY FORMATION BY SERUM ANTIBODY

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Graf ◽  
Jonathan W. Uhr
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Human Gamma Globulin ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Conventional Antibody

Rabbits were injected intravenously with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bacteriophage T2 (T2). 2–3 wk later, anti-BSA was removed from such animals by a procedure which involved exposure of removed plasma to an immunoadsorbent (125I-BSA bound to bromoacetyl cellulose) and return of the adsorbed plasma to the animal. This resulted in removal of the majority of antibody activity to BSA without affecting antibody levels to T2. 1–2 days later, anti-BSA levels began to rise, and reached peak levels usually 5 days after the removal of antibody. Antibody levels to T2 did not change. No evidence was obtained that BSA was released from the immunoadsorbent into the circulation of the rabbits. Thus, only trace amounts of radioactivity were released into the plasma; most of the radioactivity was equally coprecipitable with BSA or human gamma globulin and their specific antibodies; the released material was not demonstrated to be immunogenic in primed rabbits; and the released material did not elute with BSA on gel filtration. The results are interpreted as evidence that serum antibody acts as a regulatory mechanism for antibody formation during the conventional antibody response to a metabolizable antigen.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SULFAPYRIDINE UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS IN RABBITS

1942 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Curnen ◽  
Colin M. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Circulating Antibody ◽  
Pneumococcus Type

1. Sulfapyridine, administered to rabbits during the period of developing immunity after a single intravenous injection of heat-killed Pneumococcus Type I, exerted no influence upon the immune response. 2. Active immunity as indicated by increased resistance to homologous intradermal infection was present 48 hours after the immunizing injection and 2 days before circulating type specific antibodies were detectable. 3. Of the serological techniques employed for the detection of circulating antibody the mouse protective test yielded the highest percentage of positive results followed in order by tests for type specific agglutinins and precipitins, the latter being least satisfactory for the detection of small amounts of antibody.

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