Low-dose rosiglitazone plus metformin reduces risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with placebo in people with impaired glucose tolerance

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
P. D. Home
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

scholarly journals Novel canine models of obese prediabetes and mild type 2 diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. E38-E48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Ionut ◽  
Huiwen Liu ◽  
Vahe Mooradian ◽  
Ana Valeria B. Castro ◽  
Morvarid Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often characterized by obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function deficiency. Development of relevant large animal models to study T2DM is important and timely, because most existing models have dramatic reductions in pancreatic function and no associated obesity and IR, features that resemble more T1DM than T2DM. Our goal was to create a canine model of T2DM in which obesity-associated IR occurs first, followed by moderate reduction in β-cell function, leading to mild diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Lean dogs ( n = 12) received a high-fat diet that increased visceral (52%, P < 0.001) and subcutaneous (130%, P < 0.001) fat and resulted in a 31% reduction in insulin sensitivity (SI) (5.8 ± 0.7 × 10−4 to 4.1 ± 0.5 × 10−4 μU·ml−1·min−1, P < 0.05). Animals then received a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ; range 30–15 mg/kg). The decrease in β-cell function was dose dependent and resulted in three diabetes models: 1) frank hyperglycemia (high STZ dose); 2) mild T2DM with normal or impaired fasting glucose (FG), 2-h glucose >200 mg/dl during OGTT and 77–93% AIRg reduction (intermediate dose); and 3) prediabetes with normal FG, normal 2-h glucose during OGTT and 17–74% AIRg reduction (low dose). Twelve weeks after STZ, animals without frank diabetes had 58% more body fat, decreased β-cell function (17–93%), and 40% lower SI. We conclude that high-fat feeding and variable-dose STZ in dog result in stable models of obesity, insulin resistance, and 1) overt diabetes, 2) mild T2DM, or 3) impaired glucose tolerance. These models open new avenues for studying the mechanism of compensatory changes that occur in T2DM and for evaluating new therapeutic strategies to prevent progression or to treat overt diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of Prostaglandin E Synthase 2 (PTGES2) Arg298His Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes in Two German Study Populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 3183-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inke Nitz ◽  
Eva Fisher ◽  
Harald Grallert ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Christian Gieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prostaglandin E Synthase ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Reduced Risk

Abstract Context: On the basis of its chromosomal localization and its role in the synthesis of the antilipolytic compound prostaglandin E2, the prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) is a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic variants in the PTGES2 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes. Results: Sequencing of the PTGES2 gene revealed one nonsynonymous coding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (Arg298His, rs13283456) and a previously unknown promoter SNP g.-417G&gt;T. Both SNPs and additional haplotype tagging SNPs (rs884115, rs10987883, rs4837240) were genotyped in a nested case-control study of 192 incident type 2 diabetes subjects and 384 controls (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam). Carriers of the minor allele of Arg298His had a lower risk to develop the disease [odds ratio (OR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.97, P = 0.04], compared with homozygous individuals with the common allele. The PTGES2 Arg298His polymorphism was reinvestigated in a population-based cross-sectional study (Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region) consisting of 239 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, 226 with type 2 diabetes, and 863 normoglycemic controls. In this study population, the Arg298His polymorphism was significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.93, P = 0.007) and type 2 diabetes (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.86, P = 0.004). A pooled analysis of data from both study populations revealed reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47–0.81, P = 0.0005) in PTGES2 298His allele carriers. Conclusion: We obtained evidence from two Caucasian study populations that the His298-allele of PTGES2 Arg298His confers to reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.

[beta]eta-hydroxybutyrate and risk for incident type 2 diabetes: results from the prevend prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L Flores-Guerrero ◽  
Margery A Connelly ◽  
Dion Groothof ◽  
Eke G Gruppen ◽  
Stephan JL Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

1561-P: Associations between ß-Cell Function and Cognitive Measures Differ in Youth vs. Adults with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) or Early Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1561-P
Author(s):  
SUZANNE CRAFT ◽  
AMY CLAXTON ◽  
MARK TRIPPUTI ◽  
SHARON EDELSTEIN ◽  
SILVA A. ARSLANIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Cognitive Measures
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