Transmitral velocities measured by pulsed Doppler in healthy volunteers: effects of acute changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

Abstract Background Hydrotherapeutic applications to the head and spine have shown to improve cardiovascular and autonomic functions. There is lack of study reporting the effect of either neutral spinal bath (NSB) or neutral spinal spray (NSS). Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of both NSB and NSS in healthy volunteers. Methods Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and randomized into either neutral spinal bath group (NSBG) or neutral spinal spray group (NSSG). A single session of NSB, NSS was given for 15 min to the NSBG and NSSG, respectively. Assessments were taken before and after the interventions. Results Results of this study showed a significant reduction in low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) (LF/HF) ratio of heart rate variability (HRV) spectrum in NSBG compared with NSSG (p=0.026). Within-group analysis of both NSBG and NSSG showed a significant increase in the mean of the intervals between adjacent QRS complexes or the instantaneous heart rate (HR) (RRI) (p=0.002; p=0.009, respectively), along with a significant reduction in HR (p=0.002; p=0.004, respectively). But, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.037) and pulse pressure (PP) (p=0.017) was observed in NSSG, while a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.008), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (p=0.008) and LF/HF ratio (p=0.041) was observed in NSBG. Conclusion Results of the study suggest that 15 min of both NSB and NSS might be effective in reducing HR and improving HRV. However, NSS is particularly effective in reducing SBP and PP, while NSB is particularly effective in reducing DBP and MAP along with improving sympathovagal balance in healthy volunteers.

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Propranolol in Experimentally Induced Stress

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.139.6.545 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 139 (6) ◽

pp. 545-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Taylor ◽

Paul Turner ◽

Jean Harrison

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Oral Dose ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

The Self ◽

Experimental Stress ◽

Double Blind ◽

Beta Adrenoceptor ◽

Induced Stress

SummaryThe influence of beta-adrenoceptor antagonism on the effects of a simple experimental stress was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers, using a double-blind protocol. A single oral dose of 80 mg propranolol reduced the stress-induced increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure to 49.9 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively compared to 61.0 per cent and 17.4 per cent with placebo. The rise in diastolic blood pressure was small and unaffected by beta-adrenoceptor blockade. The rise in temperature of the skin of the trunk was significantly reduced by propranolol. The self-rating of anxiety, alertness and concentration by the subjects was unaffected by propranolol.

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Phase I Safety Assessment of Intrathecal Neostigmine Methylsulfate in Humans

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199502000-00003 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 331-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 180

Author(s):

David D. Hood ◽

James C. Eisenach ◽

Robin Tuttle

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Side Effects ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Severe Nausea ◽

End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽

End Tidal ◽

Ice Water

Background In dogs, sheep, and rats, spinal neostigmine produces analgesia alone and enhances analgesia from alpha 2-adrenergic agonists. This study assesses side effects and analgesia from intrathecal neostigmine in healthy volunteers. Methods After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 28 healthy volunteers were studied. The first 14 volunteers received neostigmine (50-750 micrograms) through a #19.5 spinal needle followed by insertion of a spinal catheter. The remaining 14 volunteers received neostigmine through a #25 or #27 spinal needle without a catheter. Safety measurements included blood pressure, heart rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, neurologic evaluation, and computer tests of vigilance and memory. Analgesia in response to ice water immersion was measured. Results Neostigmine (50 micrograms) through the #19.5 needle did not affect any measured variable. Neostigmine (150 micrograms) caused mild nausea, and 500-750 micrograms caused severe nausea and vomiting. Neostigmine (150-750 micrograms) produced subjective leg weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and sedation. The 750-micrograms dose was associated with anxiety, increased blood pressure and heart rate, and decreased end-tidal carbon dioxide. Neostigmine (100-200 micrograms) in saline, injected through a #25 or #27 needle, caused protracted, severe nausea, and vomiting. This did not occur when dextrose was added to neostigmine. Neostigmine by either method of administration reduced visual analog pain scores to immersion of the foot in ice water. Conclusions The incidence and severity of these adverse events from intrathecal neostigmine appears to be affected by dose, method of administration, and baricity of solution. These effects in humans are consistent with studies in animals. Because no unexpected or dangerous side effects occurred, cautious examination of intrathecal neostigmine alone and in combination with other agents for analgesia is warranted.

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Neither endogenous nor inhaled nitric oxide influences the function of circulating platelets in healthy volunteers

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0970345 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 345-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Johanna ALBERT ◽

N. Håkan WALLÉN ◽

Nailin LI ◽

Claes FROSTELL ◽

Paul HJEMDAHL

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Thrombin Generation ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Fibrinogen Binding ◽

Inhaled No

Experimental models have indicated prothrombotic effects of inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and anti-thrombotic effects of inhaled NO, but the influence of NO on platelet function in vivo in humans is not well established. We therefore investigated the effects of systemic inhibition of NO synthesis by NG-monomethyl-⌊-arginine (⌊-NMMA) and of NO inhalation on platelet function in vivo. On two occasions, ⌊-NMMA (13.5 mg/kg) or saline infusion was administered to 14 healthy volunteers in a double-blind cross-over study. After a 30 min infusion of ⌊-NMMA or placebo, NO inhalation (30 p.p.m) was added during the remaining 30 min of infusion, on both occasions. Measurements included filtragometry ex vivo (reflecting platelet aggregability), flow-cytometric evaluation of platelets in whole blood (fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression), plasma β-thromboglobulin (reflecting platelet secretion), cGMP in platelets and plasma, thrombin generation markers (thrombin fragment 1+2 and thrombin–antithrombin complexes) in plasma, and bleeding time. l-NMMA increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate. NO inhalation did not influence blood pressure or heart rate, but caused a 3-fold elevation in plasma cGMP levels (P < 0.001). Neither ⌊-NMMA nor NO influenced filtragometry readings or flow-cytometric determinations of platelet fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression. Furthermore, plasma β-thromboglobulin, platelet cGMP and thrombin generation markers were not influenced by either treatment. Bleeding time was not influenced by ⌊-NMMA compared with placebo, but was increased by ≈ 25% during NO inhalation (P < 0.01), whether NO synthesis had been inhibited or not. The prolongation of bleeding time by inhaled NO was not accompanied by any effect on the platelet variables assessed. The present results indicate that circulating platelets are not influenced by endogenous or inhaled NO, presumably due to the rapid inactivation of NO in the blood. This does not exclude possible effects of endothelial NO in the interface between the blood and the vessel wall.

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Leptin: Mechanisms Involved In Signaling and Resistance

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Reports ◽

10.47363/jprsr/2021(2)123 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Touqeer Anjum ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Genetic Mutation ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

Energy Availability ◽

Inflammatory Signaling ◽

Nonpharmacological Treatment ◽

White Adipocyte ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Acute Changes

Leptin is secreted mainly by white adipocyte tissue, and it circulates at levels positively correlated with fat mass, thus reflecting primarily the amount of energy stored in adipose tissue. Leptin levels also change with acute changes in energy intake and thus, secondarily reflect acute energy availability. Several potential mechanisms behind leptin resistance have been identified including: Inflammatory signaling, elevated free fatty acids, high leptin and genetic mutation in OB and DBU genes. This review summaries all the physiological, biological aspects of leptin hormone including increases energy expenditure, thermogenesis, heart rate, blood pressure but decreases glycaemia. This review summarizes the pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment of leptin hormone imbalances.

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Effects of Total Sleep Deprivation on Cardiovascular Parameters: An Absence of Biologically Significant Findings?

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027//0269-8803.16.2.119 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Miró ◽

Carmen Cano ◽

Gualberto Buela-Casal

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Mean Values ◽

Total Sleep Deprivation ◽

The Third

Abstract The present study analyzes the variations of heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) during 60 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD). All variables were evaluated every 2 h in a resting condition, during the performance of a vigilance task. Thirty healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women) from 18 to 24 years old participated in the experiment. The analyses of variance (ANOVAS) with repeated measures showed some modifications of HR and SBP mean values mainly marked by circadian oscillations. The circadian oscillations had a smaller amplitude for SBP than for HR. HR showed a slight decrease on the second night of TSD and a slight increase on the third day of TSD. SBP decreased during the first 24 h of TSD and after that maintained its values without significant changes. DBP did not show any significant variations during TSD. In addition, there were no differences in function of gender for the TSD effect on the studied variables. All these statistically significant findings, however, seem to have no biological or clinical relevance. These aspects as well as the possible relationships between our results and activation or stress levels during TSD are discussed.

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Effects of Falipamil (AQ-A 39) on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Resting and Exercising Healthy Volunteers

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology ◽

10.1097/00005344-198907000-00002 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Naudascher ◽

P. Jaillon ◽

B. Lecocq ◽

V. Lecocq ◽

A. Ferry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Healthy Volunteers

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Cardiovascular Reflexes in Patients With Vascular Headache

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.1992.00360.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 360-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rosario Martín ◽

Cristina Ribera ◽

Jose Manuel Moltó ◽

Carolina Ruiz ◽

Luz Galiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Migraine Without Aura ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Heart Rate Response ◽

Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽

Deep Breathing ◽

Vascular Headache ◽

Cardiovascular Reflex

We have investigated the autonomic function of 75 patients with migraine by examining cardiovascular reflex function. The results were compared with those of 78 healthy volunteers. Measurements were made between attacks. Patients with migraine showed a smaller heart-rate response to deep breathing but a greater heart-rate response and higher blood pressure to standing when compared to controls. Migraine patients had a higher percentage of established sympathetic lesions (51% vs 17%) and severe (25% vs 5%) or atypical (24% vs 11.5%) global autonomic dysfunction. No significant differences were found among patients with migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and migraine with prolonged aura. Our findings indicate that patients with migraine have sympathetic hypofunction.

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