scholarly journals Hazardous children’s products on the Australian and US market 2011–2017: an empirical analysis of child-related product safety recalls

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Niven ◽  
Ben Mathews ◽  
James E Harrison ◽  
Kirsten Vallmuur
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Related Product ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Regulation Strategies

ObjectiveWhile there is evidence that unsafe children’s products are entering the Australian market, with increasing product safety recalls, no research has examined the nature of recalls or their trends over time. This research analyses Australian and US child-related product safety recall data to better understand the frequency and nature of unsafe children’s products, emerging hazard trends and cross-jurisdictional similarities and differences. Results can inform improved childhood injury prevention policy and regulation strategies in Australia.MethodEmpirical analysis of child-related product safety recalls in Australia and the USA over the period 2011–2017.ResultsCross-jurisdictional comparison revealed similarities in Australia and the USA, with over 80% of recalled products occurring in four industry segments (toys/games, household furniture/furnishings, clothing and sports equipment) and a common leading hazard of choking. Australia and the USA also had a similar number of child-related recalls over the study period (Australia: 652, USA: 668). Disparate trends included a 21% decrease in US child-related recalls over the study period, with most recalled products still complying with mandated safety requirements. In contrast, Australian child-related recalls increased by 88% over the study period, with the majority of recalled products failing to comply with mandated safety requirements. Based on US child-related recall data, the leading cause of injuries was the child falling, the most severe injuries related to furniture/furnishings and the most frequent injuries related to sports equipment.ConclusionAnalysing recall data provides new insights into hazardous children’s products. Cross-jurisdictional comparison of data on recalls highlights disparities and indicates a need for reforms to improve regulation of children’s products in Australia.

Skateboard Injuries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070-1071
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Consumer Product Safety Commission ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Consumer Product Safety ◽  
Current Outbreak

Skateboards are again increasing in popularity (Time, June 6, 1988, pp 90-91). Not surprisingly, the increased use of skateboards is accompanied by a resurgence in the number of related injuries. Pediatricians informed about skateboard injuries can help to prevent needless injury. In the last skateboard injury epidemic, the annual incidence of injuries peaked at 150,000 in 1977. The rate subsequently decreased to 16,000 injuries in 1983. Since that time, skateboard injuries had increased sharply: 19,000 in 1984, 37,000 in 1985, and 81,000 in 1986. According to data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, in 1984 and 1985, 36 children are known to have died as a result of injuries sustained while riding skateboards. Analysis of Consumer Product Safety Commission data from 1984 to 1985 indicates the following salient features of the current outbreak. Of recorded skateboard injuries during this period: (1) 88% involved skateboarders less than 20 years of age, 45% involved 10- to 14-year-old children; (2) 88% involving skateboarders younger than 20 years of age involved boys or young men; (3) 74% were to the extremities, 17% to the head and neck, and 9% to the trunk; (4) severe injuries were uncommon; moderate injuries were most common in all age groups. However, the severity of injuries increased with decreasing age. Moderate or severe injuries accounted for half of the injuries to children older than 9 years, two thirds of the injuries to children 5 to 9 years, and more than three fourths of the injuries to children 0 to 4 years of age; (5) the likelihood of injury to the head and neck increased as the age of the injured decreased.

scholarly journals ‘Choice’: what we mean by it, and what that means for preventing childhood obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M Porter
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Childhood Obesity Prevention ◽  
The Usa

AbstractObjective(i) To map how US adults value ‘choice’ in the context of obesity policy and (ii) to discuss implications for obesity prevention in children.DesignSemi-structured interviews (n 105) were conducted between 2006 and 2009 about causes of and solutions to childhood obesity. Quotes captured in field notes from community meetings (n 6) on childhood obesity prevention were also analysed. Each use of the word ‘choice’ and its variants was identified in these texts. Content and discourse were analysed to identify the implied values and meaning in each use.SettingNorth-eastern USA.SubjectsOne hundred and five adults, some involved in childhood obesity prevention initiatives.ResultsThree distinct frames of ‘choice’ emerged: (i) having choices (choice as freedom), (ii) making choices (choice as responsibility) and (iii) influencing choices (contextual constraints and impacts on choice). Many speakers used more than one frame over the course of an interview. Most people using the third frame seemed to share the values behind the first two frames, but focused on conditions required to enable people to be accountable for their choices and to make truly free choices. A small subset thought outside the frame of individual choice, valuing, as one person put it, a ‘social contract’.ConclusionsPublic debate in the USA about responsibility for and solutions to rising obesity rates often hinges on notions of ‘choice’. These frames, and the values underlying them, are not mutually exclusive. Respecting the values behind each ‘choice’ frame when crafting obesity prevention policy and employing all three in public communications about such policy may facilitate greater consensus on prevention measures.

scholarly journals The State of Diabetes Prevention Policy in the USA Following the Affordable Care Act

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juleigh Nowinski Konchak ◽  
Margaret R. Moran ◽  
Matthew J. O’Brien ◽  
Namratha R. Kandula ◽  
Ronald T. Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Affordable Care Act

Analysis on Auto Intra-Industry Trade between China and the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 702-705
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Li Pan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Classification Index

This paper conducts an empirical analysis on Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry by using the G-L index and classification index and finds that the level of Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry is relatively low. In addition, the quality of China’s auto is far more behind that of the USA in terms of intra-industry trade. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions to further promote the development of Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry.

scholarly journals How Should We Think about the Winners and Losers from Globalization? Three Narratives and Their Implications for the Redesign of International Economic Agreements

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1397
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lamp
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Abstract In the wake of Donald Trump’s election to the US presidency, the ‘losers’ from globalization have received unprecedented attention. While few would contest that manufacturing workers in developed countries have lost out over the past decades, the remedies proposed by President Trump have been met with a mixture of concern and ridicule by the trade establishment. And, yet, it seems clear that, at least in the USA, politicians and trade officials are no longer able to convince voters that international economic agreements will ‘lift all boats’. Instead, those engaged in debates about trade policy will need to be open about the fact that international economic agreements create both winners and losers. This article identifies three narratives about who those winners and losers are. The article argues that the contestation between these three narratives is not one that can be resolved through empirical analysis but, instead, that the narratives contain irreducible normative elements. The article further explores the implications of these narratives for the redesign of international economic agreements.

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