Alterations in glycosylation as biomarkers for cancer detection

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso A Reis ◽  
Hugo Osorio ◽  
Luisa Silva ◽  
Catarina Gomes ◽  
Leonor David
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
Tumour Invasion ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Major Class ◽  
Host Pathogen

Glycoconjugates constitute a major class of biomolecules which include glycoproteins, glycosphingolipids and proteoglycans. Glycans are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as host–pathogen interactions, cell differentiation, migration, tumour invasion and metastisation, cell trafficking and signalling. Cancer is associated with glycosylation alterations in glycoproteins and glycolipids. This review describes various aspects of protein glycosylation with the focus on alterations associated with human cancer. The application of these glycosylation modifications as biomarkers for cancer detection in tumour tissues and serological assays is summarised.

scholarly journals Application of a gut-immune co-culture system for the study of N-glycan-dependent host-pathogen interactions of Campylobacter jejuni

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Y. Zamora ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ward ◽  
Jemila C. Kester ◽  
Wen Li Kelly Chen ◽  
Jason G. Velazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Barrier Functions ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Host Pathogen

AbstractAn in vitro gut-immune co-culture model with apical and basal accessibility, designed to more closely resemble a human intestinal microenvironment, was employed to study the role of the Nlinked protein glycosylation (Pgl) pathway in Campylobacter jejuni pathogenicity. The gutimmune co-culture (GIC) was developed to model important aspects of the human small intestine by the inclusion of mucin producing goblet cells, human enterocytes, and dendritic cells, bringing together a mucus-containing epithelial monolayer with elements of the innate immune system. The utility of the system was demonstrated by characterizing host-pathogen interactions facilitated by N-linked glycosylation, such as host epithelial barrier functions, bacterial invasion and immunogenicity. Changes in human intestinal barrier functions in the presence of 11168 C. jejuni (wildtype) strains were quantified using GICs. The glycosylationdeficient strain 11168 ΔpglE was 100-fold less capable of adhering to and invading this intestinal model in cell infectivity assays. Quantification of inflammatory signaling revealed that 11168ΔpglE differentially modulated inflammatory responses in different intestinal microenvironments, suppressive in some but activating in others. Virulence-associated outer membrane vesicles produced by wildtype and 11168ΔpglE C. jejuni were shown to have differential composition and function, with both leading to immune system activation when provided to the gut-immune co-culture model. This analysis of aspects of C. jejuni infectivity in the presence and absence of its N-linked glycome, is enabled by application of the gut-immune model and we anticipate that this system will be applicable to further studies of C. jejuni and other enteropathogens of interest.

scholarly journals Role of Protein Glycosylation in Host-Pathogen Interaction

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borong Lin ◽  
Xue Qing ◽  
Jinling Liao ◽  
Kan Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Adhesins ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Regulate Protein

Host-pathogen interactions are fundamental to our understanding of infectious diseases. Protein glycosylation is one kind of common post-translational modification, forming glycoproteins and modulating numerous important biological processes. It also occurs in host-pathogen interaction, affecting host resistance or pathogen virulence often because glycans regulate protein conformation, activity, and stability, etc. This review summarizes various roles of different glycoproteins during the interaction, which include: host glycoproteins prevent pathogens as barriers; pathogen glycoproteins promote pathogens to attack host proteins as weapons; pathogens glycosylate proteins of the host to enhance virulence; and hosts sense pathogen glycoproteins to induce resistance. In addition, this review also intends to summarize the roles of lectin (a class of protein entangled with glycoprotein) in host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial adhesins, viral lectins or host lectins. Although these studies show the importance of protein glycosylation in host-pathogen interaction, much remains to be discovered about the interaction mechanism.

scholarly journals Application of a gut-immune co-culture system for the study of N-glycan-dependent host–pathogen interactions of Campylobacter jejuni

Glycobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Y Zamora ◽  
Elizabeth M Ward ◽  
Jemila C Kester ◽  
Wen Li Kelly Chen ◽  
Jason G Velazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Barrier Functions ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Host Pathogen

Abstract An in vitro gut-immune co-culture model with apical and basal accessibility, designed to more closely resemble a human intestinal microenvironment, was employed to study the role of the N-linked protein glycosylation pathway in Campylobacter jejuni pathogenicity. The gut-immune co-culture (GIC) was developed to model important aspects of the human small intestine by the inclusion of mucin-producing goblet cells, human enterocytes and dendritic cells, bringing together a mucus-containing epithelial monolayer with elements of the innate immune system. The utility of the system was demonstrated by characterizing host–pathogen interactions facilitated by N-linked glycosylation, such as host epithelial barrier functions, bacterial invasion and immunogenicity. Changes in human intestinal barrier functions in the presence of 11168 C. jejuni (wildtype) strains were quantified using GICs. The glycosylation-impaired strain 11168 ΔpglE was 100-fold less capable of adhering to and invading this intestinal model in cell infectivity assays. Quantification of inflammatory signaling revealed that 11168ΔpglE differentially modulated inflammatory responses in different intestinal microenvironments, suppressive in some but activating in others. Virulence-associated outer membrane vesicles produced by wildtype and 11168ΔpglE C. jejuni were shown to have differential composition and function, with both leading to immune system activation when provided to the gut-immune co-culture model. This analysis of aspects of C. jejuni infectivity in the presence and absence of its N-linked glycome is enabled by application of the gut-immune model, and we anticipate that this system will be applicable to further studies of C. jejuni and other enteropathogens of interest.

Spatiotemporal Structure of Host-Pathogen Interactions in a Metapopulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Soubeyrand ◽  
Laine ◽  
Hanski ◽  
Penttinen
Keyword(s):  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Structure ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals A Dual Targeting Magnetic Nanoparticle for Human Cancer Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Wu ◽  
Xiyu Liu ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Huiling Wang ◽  
Yiqun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Dual Targeting

scholarly journals Porcine small intestinal organoids as a model to explore ETEC–host interactions in the gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Vermeire ◽  
Liara M. Gonzalez ◽  
Robert J. J. Jansens ◽  
Eric Cox ◽  
Bert Devriendt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractSmall intestinal organoids, or enteroids, represent a valuable model to study host–pathogen interactions at the intestinal epithelial surface. Much research has been done on murine and human enteroids, however only a handful studies evaluated the development of enteroids in other species. Porcine enteroid cultures have been described, but little is known about their functional responses to specific pathogens or their associated virulence factors. Here, we report that porcine enteroids respond in a similar manner as in vivo gut tissues to enterotoxins derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, an enteric pathogen causing postweaning diarrhoea in piglets. Upon enterotoxin stimulation, these enteroids not only display a dysregulated electrolyte and water balance as shown by their swelling, but also secrete inflammation markers. Porcine enteroids grown as a 2D-monolayer supported the adhesion of an F4+ ETEC strain. Hence, these enteroids closely mimic in vivo intestinal epithelial responses to gut pathogens and are a promising model to study host–pathogen interactions in the pig gut. Insights obtained with this model might accelerate the design of veterinary therapeutics aimed at improving gut health.

scholarly journals Movement can mediate temporal mismatches between resource availability and biological events in host–pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kürschner ◽  
Cédric Scherer ◽  
Viktoriia Radchuk ◽  
Niels Blaum ◽  
Stephanie Kramer‐Schadt
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen
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