scholarly journals COVID-19 distribution in Bogotá, Colombia: effect of poverty during the first 2 months of pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214579
Author(s):  
Jose Moreno-Montoya ◽  
Silvia Marcela Ballesteros ◽  
Alvaro Javier Idrovo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Female Type ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Case Number

BackgroundThe current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has especially affected individuals living in conglomerate settings having poverty as common characteristic. However, evidence of the association between COVID-19 severity and social determinants is still scarce, particularly, for Latin American countries. The objective was to assess the effect of socioeconomic deprivation in the clinical severity of COVID-19 infection among different localities of Bogotá, Colombia.MethodsSecondary analyses using data of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases in Bogotá from 6 March 2020 to 19 April 2020 were carried out. Direct and indirect indicators of deprivation at area level and individual demographic characteristics (age, sex and type of case) were included in the analyses.Findings1684 COVID-19 cases were included in the study. There were 217 (12.9%; 95% CI 11.3 to 14.5) serious cases, of which 32.6% (95% CI 26.4 to 38.8) cases were deceased. In the multilevel logistic regression, age, sex (female), type of case (different of imported case), number of serious cases recorded the previous day and multidimensional poverty were associated with serious cases (median OR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.87).InterpretationThis paper explored the association between COVID-19 severity and social determinants. Expressions of poverty were associated with more severe cases during first 2 months of pandemic. It is a clear syndemic for the joint presentation of COVID-19 and other comorbidities among more serious cases.

scholarly journals Has the First Global Financial Crisis Changed the Entrepreneurial Values in Digitalized Marketing-based Societies? The Case of GEM Latin American Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Saiz Álvarez ◽  
Alicia Coduras Martínez ◽  
Carlos Cuervo Arango
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Latin American Countries

As the world economy is globalized, crises are rapidly spread due to the massive use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies), also affecting the entrepreneurial values involved in business creation processes. In this sense, digital marketing has a key role to play, as it can serve as a tool based on technology applied to foster nascent entrepreneurship. Using data for GEM Latin American countries, and applying clustering analysis based on the K-means method, the objective of this work is to test if the actual First Global Financial Crisis (FGFC) has altered the entrepreneurial values in Latin American firms. The main result of this work is that the traits of entrepreneurial activity in GEM Latin American countries have progressively shifted from quantity to quality, so digital marketing is having an increasing importance.

Social determinants of health, universal health coverage, and sustainable development: case studies from Latin American countries

The Lancet ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 385 (9975) ◽  
pp. 1343-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Odorico Monteiro de Andrade ◽  
Alberto Pellegrini Filho ◽  
Orielle Solar ◽  
Félix Rígoli ◽  
Lígia Malagon de Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals As razões das diferenças de desempenho acadêmico na América Latina: dados qualitativos do Brasil, Chile e Cuba

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (206-07-08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Carnoy ◽  
Amber Gove ◽  
Jeffery Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Observation Instrument ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Analysis Of Teaching

Apresenta os resultados de uma análise de práticas de ensino, utilizando dados do Brasil, do Chile e de Cuba. Esses dados incluem fitas de vídeo de 10 a 12 aulas de matemática para a 3ª série de cada país. Cada fita foi analisada mediante um instrumento de observação que enfoca a estrutura da turma, seu nível de engajamento e outros indicadores de processo. Adicionalmente, foi utilizado um sistema de mensuração do nível de conteúdo, visando entender o conceito da aula, o nível de demanda cognitiva e a interação entre a professora e a turma. Em conjunto, esses dois instrumentos são utilizados para aprofundar a análise das variações na pontuação obtida nos testes por Cuba e pelos demais países latino-americanos. Os resultados revelam diferenças significativas entre as aulas observadas nos três países, tanto em relação às práticas adotadas pelos professores no manejo das classes, quanto no que diz respeito à dificuldade relativa dos conteúdos abordados. As aulas cubanas e as aulas das escolas privadas conveniadas do Chile se destacaram positivamente em comparação com aquelas observadas nas escolas brasileiras e nas escolas públicas chilenas. Palavras-chave: práticas de ensino; educação matemática; ensino fundamental; educação comparada; Brasil, Chile, Cuba. Abstract The paper presents the results of an analysis of teaching practices, using data of Brazil, Chile and Cuba. Those data include videos from 10 to 12 mathematics classes for to 3rd grades of each country. Each video was analyzed by means of an observation instrument that focuses the structure of the group, the engagement level and other process indicators. In addition, a system of content level was used, seeking to understand the concept of the class, the level of cognitive demand and the interaction between the teacher and the group. Those two instruments are jointly used to deepen the analysis of the variations in the punctuation obtained in the tests by Cuba and by the other Latin-American countries. The results reveal significant differences among the classes observed within the three countries, so much in relation to the practices adopted by the teachers in the handling of the classes, as in what concerns the relative difficulty of the approached contents. The Cuban classes and the classes of private schools in Chile stood out positively in comparison with those observed at the Brazilian schools and at Chilean public schools. Keywords: teaching practices; mathematics teaching; basic education; comparative study: Brazil, Chile, Cuba.

scholarly journals The Effect of Remittances on Imports in Eight Latin-American Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Julio César Hernández ◽  
Wilfredo Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Panel Var ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
External Resources ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Latin American Countries

Remittances are an important source of external resources for developing countries.  These transfers may increase the levels of consumption and capital formation in these economies. This paper examines the economic impact of international remittances on different import categories.  A panel VAR was estimated using data from eight Latin-American economies during the 1991 to 2004 period. The impulse response functions show that remittances increase imports of capital, consumption, and intermediate goods.  It was also found that the accelerator is a plausible transmission mechanism from this type of income to investment.

Water Sovereignty in the Age of Global Capitalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-65
Author(s):  
Matthew Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Accumulation By Dispossession ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Nationalist Sentiment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Latin American Countries

This paper discusses the process of “accumulation by dispossession” of water resources by the institutions of the transnational state and the role of nationalism in the resulting movement for reappropriation. A comparative analysis of Latin American countries is conducted using data obtained from UN databases and historical accounts. The object of this analysis is to delineate a causal pathway surrounding the dynamics of water sovereignty in the age of global capitalism. I find that privatization is not likely to occur if there is a lack of crisis or there is a socialist executive; however, if privatization does occur, and the appropriating action is taken by a multinational corporation, activated nationalist sentiment may lead to reappropriation of water resources.

scholarly journals Adapting the standardised computer- and interview-based 24 h dietary recall method (GloboDiet) for dietary monitoring in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 2847-2858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bel-Serrat ◽  
Viktoria Knaze ◽  
Genevieve Nicolas ◽  
Dirce M Marchioni ◽  
Josiane Steluti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dietary Monitoring ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Ultimate Purpose ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Food Consumed

AbstractObjectiveThe present study describes the procedure and approaches needed to adapt and harmonise the GloboDiet methodology, a computer- and interview-based 24 h dietary recall, for use in two Latin American pilot countries, Brazil and Mexico.DesignAbout seventy common and country-specific databases on foods, recipes, dietary supplements, quantification methods and coefficients were customised and translated following standardised guidelines, starting from existing Spanish and Portuguese versions.SettingBrazil and Mexico.SubjectsNot applicable.ResultsNew subgroups were added into the existing common food classification together with new descriptors required to better classify and describe specific Brazilian and Mexican foods. Quantification methods were critically evaluated and adapted considering types and quantities of food consumed in these two countries, using data available from previous surveys. Furthermore, the photos to be used for quantification purposes were identified for compilation in country-specific but standardised picture booklets.ConclusionsThe completion of the customisation of the GloboDiet Latin America versions in these two pilot countries provides new insights into the adaptability of this dietary international tool to the Latin American context. The ultimate purpose is to enable dietary intake comparisons within and between Latin American countries, support building capacities and foster regional and international collaborations. The development of the GloboDiet methodology could represent a major benefit for Latin America in terms of standardised dietary methodologies for multiple surveillance, research and prevention purposes.

Do Remittances Attract Foreign Direct Investment? An Empirical Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hem C. Basnet ◽  
Kamal P. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Latin American Countries

Remittances are a major source of household income in many Asian, African, and Latin American countries. Households spend a significant portion of remittances on health and education. Given that human capital is one of the primary determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, this study develops a model in which remittances are one of several determinants of the observed variation in FDI. The model is estimated using data from a group of 35 middle-income countries from Latin America, Asia–Pacific, and Africa. The estimated results ascribe no significance to remittances in explaining cross-country variation in FDI. However, geographically-disaggregated estimated results do establish a positive effect for African countries, no significant effect for Latin American countries, and a negative effect for the Asia–Pacific region.

scholarly journals Income and Beyond: Multidimensional Poverty in Six Latin American Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Battiston ◽  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva ◽  
Maria Ana Lugo ◽  
Maria Emma Santos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Latin American Countries

scholarly journals Brazilian Evidence on Tax Evasion and Enforcement: A Case Study of Global North–South Comparison

2021 ◽  
pp. 073401682110380
Author(s):  
Felippe Clemente ◽  
Viviani Silva Lírio ◽  
Temidayo James Aransiola
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Bayesian Games ◽  
Global North ◽  
Using Data ◽  
North And South ◽  
Latin American Countries

This study investigates the differences observed in the rate of tax evasion between the Global North and South countries, with special focus on Brazil, by comparing key parameters of their tax systems, namely, tax burden, audit cost, and fines. This is achieved by extending and applying Graetz, Reinganun, and Wilde’s model using data from tax authorities from European and Latin American countries, which produced parameters that are used for Bayesian games. The results show that tax evasion is directly associated with tax burden and audit cost, but the effect of fines is unclear. Overall, findings pointed to shortcomings in the tax system of Latin American countries that create the avenue for high tax evasion.

Talk Without Borders: Why Political Discussion Makes Latin Americans With Relatives Abroad More Critical of Their Democracies

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Crow ◽  
Clarisa Pérez-Armendáriz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
New Information ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Latin American Countries

Mulling over politics with others can change citizens’ political beliefs and choices. Is the effect of interpersonal political discussion different when one of the interlocutors has a family member living abroad—that is, is a “transnational household member” (THM)? Using data from 20 Latin American countries in the 2006-2008 AmericasBarometer, we show that talking about politics makes THMs less satisfied with their democracies and less proud of their political systems than non-THMs. When THMs engage in cross-border political discussions with relatives abroad, they gain new information and perspectives that cast their own democracy in a different light. Even absent cross-border communication, though, political discussion with peers at home can make THMs more critical by emphasizing their government’s transnational governance obligations—and highlighting failures to live up to these heightened expectations. Our study thus adds to a growing body of research on emigration’s impact on sending country politics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document