Drivers of Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Factor-Driven Economies

This piece of research aims to explain the drivers of early-stage entrepreneurship in factor-driven economies and how these are affected by several cognitive factors. This study covers literature on several driving factors of entrepreneurial activity, trying to formulate a framework of determinants of early-stage agricultural entrepreneurial activity. For this purpose, the adult population survey (APS) data of factor-driven economies published by GEM has been used. The selected respondents (848) include those individuals who, alone or with other individuals, presently involved in venture creation, including any self-employment in the agricultural sector. The impact of cognitive and social capital factors on early-stage entrepreneurial activity is measured using logistic regression. The findings suggest that its opportunity perception and self-efficacy, which are the major motivators of early-stage entrepreneurship in developing nations. Also, there are gender biases and age-related negativity with respect to new agri-business creation in developing countries.

Networks Around Potential and Nascent Entrepreneurs: Examining the Mediating Role of Risk-Taking and Self-Confidence

The importance of social network comes not only from the resources to which networks facilitate access but also from the capacity of the network to develop entrepreneurial characteristics in a person. This research focuses on the importance of the entrepreneur’s social network in the pre-start-up phase. It also examines the mediating role of risk-taking and self-confidence as important psychological variables for future entrepreneurs. We undertake this study to better understand the failure at the network level of the future Tunisian entrepreneur while offering solutions to decision-makers in Tunisia. Among the 2,000 adults surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, interest is focused on potential and emerging entrepreneurs. The results of logistic regression modelling show that future Tunisian entrepreneurs often use their emotional support network and neglect other networks which offer practical support at an earlier stage of business creation. Unlike to expectations, risk-taking and self-confidence have not mediated the relationship between the social network and the pre-start-up phase.

Forecasting the enterprise development in the field of education in the Kyrgyz Republic

The article is focused on the analysis of problems of development and forecasting of small enterprises in the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of education. The methodology of forecasting the gross income of small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of education is offered. An approach related to the use of the least-squares method as a forecasting tool is proposed. In this regard, the conditions of formation and functioning of the market of paid educational services in the Kyrgyz Republic, which are closely related to the definition of demand, supply and market prices for educational services are characterized. The results allow us to accurately determine the interval in which we can predict with maximum probability the future volume of the gross income of small and medium-sized enterprises in education from 2019 to 2023, which will slowly decline. It was also found that small enterprises in education have certain advantages over large educational institutions. They are more dynamic, faster and more efficient in responding to changes in the domestic market, both in times of growth and in times of crisis. The findings of the research reflect the actual situation. They are adequate and can be useful in assessing the effectiveness of business creation in the Kyrgyz Republic in the provision of educational services.

Business Creation Among Participants in Entrepreneurship Education Programs: A Case Study Among University-Level Participants in a Context of Adverse Business Environment

There is a scarcity of studies that investigate the underlying factors that boost aspiring entrepreneurs to effectively start a business after attending entrepreneurship education (EE) programs, particularly in an adverse business environment. To fill out this gap, this exploratory research answers the following question: What differentiates business creators from non-creators among participants after entrepreneurship education? To answer this question, we compare a group of 64 business creators to a group of 50 non-business creators, both groups selected randomly among 912 participants to an EE program in Haiti three years after the end of the program. Based on an institutional perspective, our results show that, in the context of an adverse business environment, participants who came from a family with an entrepreneurial background, have a useful network of contacts, and showed adaptive institutional reaction were more likely to create their business, in comparison to the others. Based on these results suggestions for EE training and future studies are provided.

Ready or not? Nascent entrepreneurs’ actions and the acquisition of external financing

PurposeThis study offers empirical evidence from a nationally representative panel dataset of nascent entrepreneurs (PSED-II) regarding when external financing is acquired and how certain factors affect this timing during the cumulative process of nascent entrepreneurs taking actions toward establishing an operational entity. By assessing the relationship between the external financing event and the cumulative set of actions that nascent entrepreneurs undertake to create new businesses, we improve our understanding of how the timing of acquiring external financing affects organizational survival and growth.Design/methodology/approachWe apply nonparametric and semiparametric survival analysis techniques to a nationally representative panel dataset of nascent entrepreneurs. This ascertains the probability of an external financing event at any given moment in time and a set of startup conditions that we hypothesize will affect this timing. First, we use Kaplan–Meier analysis to explore when external financing occurs during new business creation. We then use discrete-time survival analysis to investigate whether certain startup conditions affect when external financing occurs. Finally, we conduct a test of independence to examine the external financing event relative to other startup activities completed during new business creation.FindingsNascent entrepreneurs tend to acquire external funding relatively late in the new venture startup process – on average, about two-thirds of the way from conceiving of the idea and becoming operational. They tend to take actions that are less resource-demanding early in the startup process to build their organizations to a fundable stage. Net worth tends to speed up the acquisition of external funding as wealthy entrepreneurs tend to ask for funding earlier in the process. Finally, entrepreneurs in capital-intensive industries do not seem to get outside funding before entrepreneurs in other industries.Originality/valueThis study is unique in three ways. First, we investigate the timing of the highly important external financing event. Timing is critical in unpacking and making sense of the very early stages of a new business and in guiding entrepreneurs and students about when to do what. Second, we do so in a subsample of preoperational, nascent, funded entrepreneurs derived from a nationally representative panel dataset of startup attempts. Third, our findings provide a counter-intuitive yet systematic understanding of organizational emergence and very early-stage financing.