scholarly journals Labour market income inequality and mortality in North American metropolitan areas

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 792-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sanmartin
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
North American ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Market Income

Understanding Rising Income Inequality and Stagnating Ordinary Living Standards in Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bosch ◽  
Thorsten Kalina
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes how inequality and real incomes have evolved in Germany through the period from the 1980s, through reunification, up to the economic Crisis and its aftermath. It brings out how reunification was associated with a prolonged stagnation in real wages. It emphasizes how the distinctive German structures for wage bargaining were eroded over time, and the labour market and tax/transfer reforms of the late 1990s-early/mid-2000s led to increasing dualization in the labour market. The consequence was a marked increase in household income inequality, which went together with wage stagnation for much of the 1990s and subsequently. Coordination between government, employers, and unions still sufficed to avoid the impact the economic Crisis had on unemployment elsewhere, but the German social model has been altered fundamentally over the period

France

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Askenazy ◽  
Bruno Palier
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Household Income ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Rich Countries

This chapter describes France as apparently one of the few rich countries to have avoided a significant increase in income inequality in recent decades. However, stable average inequalities mask an asymmetric trend of income between age groups, the elderly improving their situation while the young see theirs worsening. Furthermore, it shows that behind this relatively still surface, a general trend of precarization of more and more ordinary workers is occurring. The importance of wage-setting processes and of regulation of the labour market is brought out, together with the way the tax and transfer systems have operated, in restraining the forces driving inequality upwards. Wage growth, while limited, has thus been reasonably uniform across the distribution and together with the redistributive system have kept household income inequality within bounds. However, in response to high unemployment both regulatory and tax–transfer systems have served to underpin the very rapid growth in precarious working over the last decade, representing a very serious challenge for policy.

Global Centrality and Income Inequality in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: A Test of Two Hypotheses

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Monaghan ◽  
Peter Ikeler
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Metropolitan Areas

scholarly journals Labour market institutions and income inequality

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (56) ◽  
pp. 601-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Checchi ◽  
Cecilia García-Peñalosa
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Labour Market Institutions

scholarly journals Can the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals be efficient? The challenge for achieving social equality in the European Union

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Stanickova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Economic crisis hit all the European Union Member States hard, with the impact of crisis varying considerably. The low growth performance in the EU has increased concerns regarding an increasing wage dispersion, income inequality at large, and social exclusion in line with poverty. Inequality should be seen as a cornerstone of both sustainable and inclusive growth under the Europe 2020 Strategy. Social inequality in the EU is a real problem, which hampers sustainable economic growth. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence and divergence trends between the EU Member States in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The study gives an outline of the issues of the labour market and income disparities and poverty. Policymakers must be clear about what social objectives they are aiming to achieve, therefore special attention is paid to headline national goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Methods: The main task of this study is to assess social dimension and inequalities problems in the EU27 by applying Data Envelopment Analysis method, resp. time-series dynamic efficiency analysis in the form of output-oriented Malmquist Productivity Index. This study contains changes of key social equality indicators related to the Europe 2020 Strategy and compares objectives and general outlines of period 2010-2015, as well as the impact on national economics and living conditions. Findings & value added: Results contain elements of typology premises of the EU28 and point to a large diversity in inequality patterns, as the Author observes both increases and decreases in inequality at the EU level. Recent changes in social inequality have been associated with the business cycle, particularly with the accessibility of the labour market and, of course, with income inequality. Additionally, the development challenges are discussed for improvement of the socioeconomic well-being of the EU and to avoid social disparities.

scholarly journals Fair and Inclusive Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Aghion ◽  
Reda Cherif ◽  
Fuad Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Sustained Growth ◽  
Market Income ◽  
High Level ◽  
Export Industries

We show empirical evidence that there may not be a tradeoff between market income inequality and high sustained growth, which is key for poverty alleviation. We argue that the economies that achieved high sustained growth and low market income inequality are characterized by dynamism—a drive toward sophisticated export industries, innovation, and creative destruction and a high level of competition. What a country produces and how much it competes domestically and internationally are important for achieving fair and inclusive markets. We explore policy options to steer industrial and market structures toward providing growth opportunities for both workers and firms.

Streven naar het Scandinavische model?

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroesjka Versantvoort
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Market Income ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
The Welfare State

Towards the Scandinavian model? Effects of parental leave schemes on the labour market position of women Towards the Scandinavian model? Effects of parental leave schemes on the labour market position of women Increasing the labour market participation and emancipation of women has been and still seems to be one of the major socio-economic policy goals for Dutch policy makers. The new coalition agreement mentions an extension of parental leave rights, and a further granting of parental leave by means of life course policies as potential effective policies in this respect. This paper endeavours to provide insights in the labour market, income, and emancipation effects of these policies. For that purpose it reviews the relevant theoretical and empirical literature on the effects of career breaks and places the effects in the context of the welfare state. The paper concludes with a trade-off: extension of parental leave rights may lead to better job possibilities for women, but this effect tends to go together with lower wages, and less career prospects for women in general.

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