scholarly journals Evolution of MRI changes and development of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis during long lasting generalised status epilepticus

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pohlmann-Eden
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Mri Changes

How Different Are the Patients With Bilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis From the Unilateral Ones Clinically?

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Nur Vanli-Yavuz ◽  
Betul Baykan ◽  
Serra Sencer ◽  
Altay Sencer ◽  
Isin Baral-Kulaksizoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Febrile Status Epilepticus

Purpose. There is a lack of knowledge on consecutive patients with epilepsy associated with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis (BHS). We aimed to investigate the differentiating features of BHS in comparison with unilateral HS (UHS). Method. We investigated our database for patients with epilepsy fulfilling the major magnetic resonance imaging criteria for BHS; namely, presence of bilateral atrophy and high signal changes on T2 and FLAIR series in the hippocampi. UHS patients seen in past 2 years were included as the control group. Clinical, EEG, and other laboratory findings, data on treatment response and epilepsy surgery were investigated from their files. Results. A total of 124 patients (31 with BHS and 93 with UHS; 49 right-sided and 44 left-sided) were included. We found that 16.1% of the BHS and 18.3% of the UHS groups were not drug-refractory. A binary logistic regression analysis performed with significant clinical features disclosed that history of febrile status epilepticus, mental retardation, and status epilepticus were statistically more common in BHS group. Moreover, diagnosis of psychosis established by an experienced psychiatrist and slowing of the EEG background activity were both found significantly more frequent in BHS. 66.67% of the operated BHS patients showed benefit from epilepsy surgery. Conclusions. BHS is a heterogeneous group, showing significant differences such as increased frequencies of mental retardation, status epilepticus, febrile status epilepticus and psychosis, in comparison to UHS. In all, 16.1% of the BHS cases showed a benign course similar to the UHS group and some patients with drug-resistant epilepsy may show benefit from epilepsy surgery.

Epilepsy and Functional Neurosurgery

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Nitin Tandon ◽  
Konstantin V. Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Epileptogenic Lesion ◽  
Eloquent Cortex ◽  
Mapping Language

This chapter covers several aspects of the management of seizures and epilepsy relevant to a general neurosurgical practice. First, all candidates should know how to manage a patient presenting with a new-onset seizure or in status epilepticus with a brain lesion or after a craniotomy. Second, they are expected to be able to explain how to perform fundamental epilepsy procedures such as a temporal lobectomy for hippocampal sclerosis or resection of an epileptogenic lesion. Third, it is useful to have a clear process in place for mapping language and motor function for the resection of tumors located in the eloquent cortex. Lastly, the thought process behind developing an appropriate plan for the surgical management of movement disorders and the technical nuances of managing such cases are discussed.

O2-4 Perfusion MRI changes during status epilepticus in the rat pilocarpine model

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. S3
Author(s):  
M. Choy ◽  
M.F. Lythgoe ◽  
J.A. Wells ◽  
E. Proctor ◽  
D.L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Perfusion Mri ◽  
Pilocarpine Model ◽  
Mri Changes

MRI findings in epileptic patients with histories of status epilepticus and hippocampal sclerosis

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Yutaka Awaya ◽  
Hirokazu Oguni ◽  
Takashi Uehara ◽  
Sachiko Kanematu ◽  
Yukio Fukuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Epileptic Patients

scholarly journals Experimental Neonatal Status Epilepticus and the Development of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dunleavy ◽  
Sachiko Shinoda ◽  
Clara Schindler ◽  
Claire Ewart ◽  
Ross Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis

scholarly journals Status epilepticus of focal impaired-awareness seizures. Russkiy zhurnal detskoy nevrologii

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
V. E. Kitaeva ◽  
A. S. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Impaired Awareness ◽  
Frontal Epilepsy

Background. The status epilepticus of focal impaired-awareness seizures (SE FIAS) is a series of focal seizures with loss or change of consciousness, between which there is no complete recovery of consciousness. This status epilepticus occurs in patients with temporal (especially with hippocampal sclerosis) and frontal epilepsy. It is important to differentiate SE FIAS with the absence status epilepticus, with psychiatric disorder, with postictal confusion. As a rule, this status epilepticus is self-terminate, without special treatment.Objective: to study the features of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in patients with SE FIAS.Materials and methods. The study included 1350 consecutive patients diagnosed with epilepsy.Results and discussion. A history of SE FIAS was found in 20 patients (14 women and 6 men), it occurred in the age range from 5 to 66 years. 13 patients (65 %) had mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, 5 patients (25 %) had frontal lobe epilepsy, and 2 patients (10 %) had lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Only in 80 % of patients treatment was adequate before the development of SE FIAS, in 20 % of patients it was inadequate and subsequently caused the development of status epilepticus. In 40 % of patients the occurrence of SE FIAS is associated with their own non-compliance; in 30 % of patients the development of status epilepticus had iatrogenic causes. Measures to prevent the development of status epilepticus were ineffective only in patients with pharmacoresistant symptomatic epilepsy and in non-compliant patients.Conclusions. SE FIAS occurs in 1 % of patients with epilepsy. Among patients, women with temporal or frontal epilepsy dominate; status epilepticus occurs at any age and is often triggered by changes in therapy due to doctors’ recommendations or patient non-compliance. Usually the status is self-terminating. To prevent its recurrence, adequate antiepileptic therapy is necessary. The prognosis in patients with SE FIAS is favorable; however, the general prognosis remains serious due to the severity of the course of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state causing atypical status epilepticus with hippocampal involvement

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2021-003222
Author(s):  
Emanuele Bartolini ◽  
Raffaella Valenti ◽  
Josemir W Sander
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Permanent Brain Damage ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures

Diabetes mellitus may arise abruptly and decompensate suddenly, leading to a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state. Coma often ensues, although this usually reverses after the metabolic abnormalities have resolved. Acute symptomatic seizures can also occur in patients who are conscious, although these usually resolve after osmolarity and glycaemia have normalised. We describe an elderly woman who failed to regain vigilance despite prompt treatment; the cause was an unusual non-convulsive status epilepticus arising from the mesial temporal lobe and promoting a progressive and selective hippocampal involvement. During follow-up, her seizures recurred after stopping antiseizure medication and she developed hippocampal sclerosis, although she subsequently became seizure-free with antiseizure medications. Patients who are unresponsive in a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state may be having subclinical epileptiform discharges and risk developing permanent brain damage and long-term epilepsy.

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