scholarly journals The location and function of respiratory fibres in the second cervical spinal cord segment: respiratory dysfunction syndrome after cervical cordotomy.

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1142-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lahuerta ◽  
P Buxton ◽  
S Lipton ◽  
D Bowsher
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
And Function

Spinal cord representation of motor cortex plasticity reflects corticospinal tract LTP

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (52) ◽  
pp. e2113192118
Author(s):  
Alzahraa Amer ◽  
Jianxun Xia ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
John H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Spinal Interneuron ◽  
Activity Dependent

Although it is well known that activity-dependent motor cortex (MCX) plasticity produces long-term potentiation (LTP) of local cortical circuits, leading to enhanced muscle function, the effects on the corticospinal projection to spinal neurons has not yet been thoroughly studied. Here, we investigate a spinal locus for corticospinal tract (CST) plasticity in anesthetized rats using multichannel recording of motor-evoked, intraspinal local field potentials (LFPs) at the sixth cervical spinal cord segment. We produced LTP by intermittent theta burst electrical stimulation (iTBS) of the wrist area of MCX. Approximately 3 min of MCX iTBS potentiated the monosynaptic excitatory LFP recorded within the CST termination field in the dorsal horn and intermediate zone for at least 15 min after stimulation. Ventrolaterally, in the spinal cord gray matter, which is outside the CST termination field in rats, iTBS potentiated an oligosynaptic negative LFP that was localized to the wrist muscle motor pool. Spinal LTP remained robust, despite pharmacological blockade of iTBS-induced LTP within MCX using MK801, showing that activity-dependent spinal plasticity can be induced without concurrent MCX LTP. Pyramidal tract iTBS, which preferentially activates the CST, also produced significant spinal LTP, indicating the capacity for plasticity at the CST–spinal interneuron synapse. Our findings show CST monosynaptic LTP in spinal interneurons and demonstrate that spinal premotor circuits are capable of further modifying descending MCX control signals in an activity-dependent manner.

scholarly journals A feather cyst causing vertebral bone lysis and spinal cord compression in a Lohmann Brown layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaster Samkange ◽  
Borden Mushonga ◽  
Erick Kandiwa ◽  
Alec S. Bishi ◽  
Basiamisi V.E. Segwagwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Normal Diameter ◽  
Bone Lysis ◽  
Exerted Pressure

A feather cyst in the cervical region which, through complications of inward growth, resulted in compression of the cervical spinal cord of a Lohmann Brown layer is described. It is postulated that expansion of the cyst exerted pressure on the adjacent cervical vertebra and through bone lysis created an opening through which the cyst protruded, thereby exerting pressure on the spinal cord. The affected spinal cord segment was reduced to a fifth of its normal diameter. The bird most likely died of starvation because of limb and neck paralysis and disorientation. Although the cause of the feather cyst was not conclusively identified, moulting and trauma could have triggered its formation and subsequent growth.

scholarly journals MRI of the cervical spinal cord predicts respiratory dysfunction in ALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grolez ◽  
M. Kyheng ◽  
R. Lopes ◽  
C. Moreau ◽  
K. Timmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction

scholarly journals Meningioma in cervical spinal cord segment 6 of a dog – a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Ciprian Andrei Ober ◽  
Orit Chai ◽  
Joshua Milgram ◽  
Cosmin Petru Peştean ◽  
Cecilia Danciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Selective Lesion ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cervical Segment ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumours

Meningiomas in dogs occur more commonly in the brain than in the cranial spinal cord. Intramedullary spinal cord tumours in dogs are described infrequently and present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A nine-year-old Beagle dog was referred because of tetraparesis of a 20-day duration. The neurological signs were suggestive of a selective lesion involving the cervical spinal cord. Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical vertebral column revealed a ventral, well-circumscribed mass within the vertebral canal at the level of cervical segment 6 (C6). A primary neoplasia was considered as probable differential diagnosis. The mass was removed by cervical laminectomy, durotomy and gentle dissections. On the basis of histological and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of transitional meningioma (grade I) was made. Treatment of the meningioma with surgery resulted in a complete recovery, the dog was able to walk 21 days after surgery and had normal walk two months after presentation. Clinicopathologic and treatment data of cranial intraspinal meningiomas have been reported sporadically, but a segment 6 location was not thoroughly described before.

Postdecompressive spinal cord blood flow increments in a cervical chronic myelopathy model in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shinji Yamamoto ◽  
Ryu Kurokawa ◽  
Phyo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Decompressive Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment

OBJECTIVE In cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), compromise of blood flow to the compressed spinal cord has been postulated to contribute to the development of myelopathy. Although decompressive surgery has been considered to improve spinal cord blood flow, evidence to support this notion is scarce. To determine whether blood flow improves after decompressive surgery for CSM, regional blood flow was measured in a model of chronic cervical compression in rats by using a fluorescent microsphere technique. METHODS Thin polyurethane sheets, measuring precisely 3 × 5 × 0.7 mm, were implanted under the C5–6 laminae in 24 rats to induce continuous compression on the cervical spinal cord. These sheets expand gradually by absorbing tissue fluid. This animal model has been demonstrated to reproduce the clinical features and histological changes of CSM, including progressive motor weakness with delayed onset and insidious tissue damage prior to symptom onset. Twenty-four rats that underwent sham operation were allocated to a control group. To confirm the development of cervical myelopathy, motor functions were measured weekly over the study period. Nine weeks after implantation of the sublaminar expanding sheets, histological studies and C5–6 decompressive surgery were conducted. Regional blood flow in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord was measured sequentially until 120 minutes after decompression. RESULTS In the CSM group, bilateral forepaw grip strength deteriorated progressively from 5 weeks after implantation. In the compressed C5–6 segment of the spinal cord, significant flattening of the cord, a decreased number of motor neurons, and vacuolations of gray matter were demonstrated. In the control group, blood flow in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord was unchanged by the decompressive surgery. In the CSM group, however, diminished blood flow and continuous blood flow increments for 120 minutes after decompression were demonstrated in the compressed C5–6 spinal cord segment. CONCLUSIONS Chronic mechanical compression induced regional spinal cord blood flow insufficiency concomitant with progressive neuronal loss and motor dysfunction in a chronic compression model in rats. Decompressive surgery increased spinal cord blood flow. These findings suggest that blood flow recovery may contribute to postoperative neurological improvement.

Surgical Removal of an Intramedullary Spinal Cord Foreign Body Granuloma in a Dog

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Leskovar ◽  
Joan R. Coates ◽  
Karen E. Russell ◽  
Michael A. Walker ◽  
Ralph W. Storts
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Foreign Body Granuloma ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Intramedullary Lesion ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment

A 2-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a progressive asymmetric tetraparesis and cranial nerve deficits with a 3-week duration. Computed tomography showed a contrast-enhancing lesion along the left side of the junction of the medulla and the cervical spinal cord. An exploratory surgery determined the presence of an intramedullary lesion of the first cervical spinal cord segment. The mass was removed through a dorsal midline myelotomy. Microscopic examination identified a foreign body granuloma that contained a dense, anisotropic outer wall, supporting the conclusion that the foreign body was of plant origin. The dog recovered to a more improved ambulatory status than prior to surgery.

A morphometric and stereological study on cervical spinal cord segment of goose

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Çakmak ◽  
Hüseyin Karadağ ◽  
Murat Cetin Ragbetli ◽  
Serkan Yildirim ◽  
Osman Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment
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