High prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women presenting in different clinical settings in Jamaica: implications for control strategies

Introduction: Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in women, and undetected cases of the disease are highly associated with long-term complications. Despite the high prevalence of infections in Brazil, very little is known about the distribution of C. trachomatis genovars. In this study, we determined the prevalence and genotypes of C. trachomatis in women treated at a public hospital in the Brazilian city of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará. Methodology: A total of 154 women were tested for chlamydial infection by PCR using specific primers for the C. trachomatis cryptic plasmid. Genotyping of positive samples was performed by sequencing the ompA gene and conducting further phylogenetic analysis. Results: Out of the 154 samples, 17 were found to be positive using C. trachomatis cryptic plasmid PCR. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 11%, with the highest prevalence observed in women between 16 and 20 years of age. Five genotypes were found to be associated with endocervical infection. Genotype F was most frequently found (37.5%), followed by genotypes J (25%), E (25%), I (6.25%), and D (6.25%). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the relevance of C. trachomatis infection in the young female population of the Brazilian Amazon region. It also demonstrates the diversity of genotypes involved in genital infection in this population.

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RE: “CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN WOMEN: A NEED FOR UNIVERSAL SCREENING IN HIGH PREVALENCE POPULATIONS?”

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116459 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 136 (11) ◽

pp. 1419-1420

Author(s):

Rebecca A. Clark ◽

Jeanne Dumestre ◽

Carol Pindaro ◽

William Brandon ◽

Theodore Wisniewsky

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Universal Screening ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽

High Prevalence

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High prevalence of sexual Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young women from Marajó Island, in the Brazilian Amazon

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0207853 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0207853 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leonardo Miranda dos Santos ◽

Maria Renata Mendonça dos Santos Vieira ◽

Jéssica Fernanda Galdino Oliveira ◽

Josinaide Quaresma Trindade ◽

Danielle Murici Brasiliense ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Young Women ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Marajó Island

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Comparison of the Syva MicroTrak enzyme immunoassay and Gen-Probe PACE 2 with cell culture for diagnosis of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a high-prevalence female population.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.31.4.968-971.1993 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 968-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

L M Clarke ◽

M F Sierra ◽

B J Daidone ◽

N Lopez ◽

J M Covino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Female Population ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽

High Prevalence

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Relation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility in a Dutch cohort of women previously tested for chlamydia in a chlamydia screening trial

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2018-053778 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. sextrans-2018-053778 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bernice M Hoenderboom ◽

Birgit H B van Benthem ◽

Jan E A M van Bergen ◽

Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers ◽

Hannelore M Götz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Chlamydia Screening ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽

Tubal Factor Infertility ◽

Tubal Factor

ObjectivesA better understanding of Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia)–related sequelae can provide a framework for effective chlamydia control strategies. The objective of this study was to estimate risks and risk factors of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility (TFI) with a follow-up time of up until 8 years in women previously tested for chlamydia in the Chlamydia Screening Implementation study (CSI) and participating in the Netherlands Chlamydia Cohort Study (NECCST).MethodsWomen who participated in the CSI 2008–2011 (n=13 498) were invited in 2015–2016 for NECCST. Chlamydia positive was defined as a positive CSI-PCR test, positive chlamydia serology and/or self-reported infection (time dependent). Data on PID, ectopic pregnancy and TFI were collected by self-completed questionnaires. Incidence rates and HRs were compared between chlamydia-positive and chlamydia-negative women corrected for confounders.ResultsOf 5704 women included, 29.5% (95% CI 28.3 to 30.7) were chlamydia positive. The incidence rate of PID was 1.8 per 1000 person-years (py) (1.6 to 2.2) overall, 4.4 per 1000 py (3.3 to 5.7) among chlamydia positives compared with 1.4 per 1000 py (1.1 to 1.7) for chlamydia negatives. For TFI, this was 0.4 per 1000 py (0.3 to 0.5) overall, 1.3 per 1000 py (0.8 to 2.1) and 0.2 per 1000 py (0.1 to 0.4) among chlamydia positives and negatives, respectively. And for ectopic pregnancy, this was 0.6 per 1000 py (0.5 to 0.8) overall, 0.8 per 1000 py (0.4 to 1.5) and 0.6 per 1000 py (0.4 to 0.8) for chlamydia negatives. Among chlamydia-positive women, the strongest risk factor for PID was symptomatic versus asymptomatic infection (adjusted HR 2.88, 1.4 to 4.5) and for TFI age <20 versus >24 years at first infection (HR 4.35, 1.1 to 16.8).ConclusionWe found a considerably higher risk for PID and TFI in chlamydia-positive women, but the incidence for ectopic pregnancy was comparable between chlamydia-positive and chlamydia-negative women. Overall, the incidence rates of sequelae remained low.Trial registrationNTR-5597.

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