scholarly journals Survival of contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD)-associated treponemes on disposable gloves after handling CODD-affected feet

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Angell ◽  
S. R. Clegg ◽  
D. H. Grove-White ◽  
R. W. Blowey ◽  
S. D. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Detection ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Survival In Air ◽  
Disposable Gloves

Both contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) and bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) are causes of infectious lameness in sheep and cattle, respectively, and are strongly associated with the presence of specific treponemes, with three different cultivable phylogroups commonly isolated: Treponema medium, Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pedis. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential to transmit CODD-associated Treponema species via gloves used when handling visibly clinically affected animals. The feet of sheep with and without CODD were handled as part of routine examination with gloved hands. The gloves were then swabbed to detect the presence of treponemes immediately after handling. Detection methods included culture and isolation techniques together with DNA detection by PCR. In addition, the duration of survival in air was determined as well as the efficacy of common disinfectants to remove treponemes from gloves. In this study, we demonstrate that CODD-associated treponemes can survive on gloves used to handle the feet of CODD-affected sheep but may be removed effectively using common disinfectants. These data provide evidence of a potential route of transmission and identify a practical method to reduce this risk.

Comparison of three human papillomavirus DNA detection methods: Next generation sequencing, multiplex-PCR and nested-PCR followed by Sanger based sequencing

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allex Jardim da Fonseca ◽  
Renata Silva Galvão ◽  
Angelica Espinosa Miranda ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Zigui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Papillomavirus Dna ◽  
Generation Sequencing

scholarly journals Microbiota Analysis of an Environmental Slurry and Its Potential Role as a Reservoir of Bovine Digital Dermatitis Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstine Klitgaard ◽  
Mikael L. Strube ◽  
Anastasia Isbrand ◽  
Tim K. Jensen ◽  
Martin W. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Route Of Transmission

ABSTRACT At present, very little information exists regarding what role the environmental slurry may play as an infection reservoir and/or route of transmission for bovine digital dermatitis (DD), a disease which is a global problem in dairy herds. To investigate whether DD-related bacteria belong to the indigenous microbiota of the dairy herd environment, we used deep amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in 135 slurry samples collected from different sites in 22 dairy farms, with and without DD-infected cows. Both the general bacterial populations and digital dermatitis-associated Treponema were targeted in this study. The results revealed significant differences in the bacterial communities between the herds, with only 12 bacterial taxa shared across at least 80% of all the individual samples. These differences in the herd microbiota appeared to reflect mainly between-herd variation. Not surprisingly, the slurry was dominated by ubiquitous gastrointestinal bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Despite the low relative abundance of spirochetes, which ranged from 0 to 0.6%, we were able to detect small amounts of bacterial DNA from DD-associated treponemes in the slurry. However, the DD-associated Treponema spp. were detected only in samples from herds with reported DD problems. These data indicate that treponemes involved in the pathogenesis of DD are not part of the normal environmental microflora in dairy herds without clinical DD and, consequently, that slurry is not a primary reservoir of infection. IMPORTANCE Bovine digital dermatitis (DD), a dermal disease which causes lameness in dairy cattle, is a serious problem worldwide. To control this disease, the infection reservoirs and transmission routes of DD pathogens need to be clarified. The dairy herd slurry may be a pathogen reservoir of DD-associated bacteria. The rationale for the present study was, therefore, to examine whether DD-associated bacteria are always present in slurry or if they are found only in DD-afflicted herds. The results strongly indicated that DD Treponema spp. are not part of the indigenous slurry and, therefore, do not comprise an infection reservoir in healthy herds. This study applied next-generation sequencing technology to decipher the microbial compositions of environmental slurry of dairy herds with and without digital dermatitis.

scholarly journals The potential for coronavirus transmission in waters: what do we know?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Carducci ◽  
I Federigi ◽  
M Verani ◽  
D Liu ◽  
J R Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Background Although the main route of transmission of SARS-CoV2 is via droplets and close contact, concerns about the possible secondary transmission via waters is growing given evidence for SARS-CoV2 faecal elimination. Here we review studies on coronavirus in water environments. Methods A review was carried out of papers writen in English on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Papers were identified using the keywords: coronavirus, SARS, MERS, Covid-19 associated with water, surface water, drinking water, wastewater, sewage, slurry, sludge, biosolid. Papers were screened using their title and abstract to confirm their relevance. They were then reviewed to identify: coronavirus type and strain, type of water sample, type of study, detection methods, monitoring data, survival data, effect of disinfection and treatments. Results Since 1978, only 18 papers met the selection criteria. Of these, 11 reported experimental studies, 6 field studies, and one included both field and experimental work. Experimental studies were carried out using samples spiked with SARS-CoV or surrogates: 4 addressed the recovery efficiency of detection methods; 3 reported studies on virus removal from waters by different treatments; 7 were focussed on survival in water samples with results ranging from 2 to > 100 days, depending on virus, type of water, temperature, and detection method. Field studies monitored the presence of coronavirus in waters, sewage, slurry or biosolid. The included in total no more than 200 samples and used different detection methods. Some samples tested positive in 5 studies. Conclusions While knowledge of coronavirus in waters appears very scarce and fragmentary, the recent SARS-CoV2 emergency demands new attention be focussed on its survival in natural conditions and following treatment in order to assess the risk of waterborne and food borne transmission as well as developing monitoring within sewage treatment facilities. Key messages The potential spread of SARS-CoV2 through waters cannot be excluded without better knowledge. Urgent research on this topic is required.

Detection of parasites in the environment

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 113-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Environmental Transmission ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Robustness

The environmental route of transmission is important for many protozoan and helminth parasites, with water, soil and food being particularly significant. Both the potential for producing large numbers of transmissive stages and their environmental robustness (with the ability to survive in moist microclimates for prolonged periods of time) pose persistent threats to public and veterinary health. Increased demands made on natural resources increase the likelihood of encountering environments and produce contaminated with parasites. In the last 30 years, endemic and epidemic waterborne and foodborne outbreaks in developed countries have led to a reappraisal of conventional isolation and detection methods. While these methods have proved invaluable in our understanding of environmental transmission routes for helminths, they have been less effective for the parasitic protozoa. Robust, efficient detection, viability and typing methods are required to assess risk and to further epidemiological understanding. Greater awareness of parasite contamination of our environment and its impact on health has precipitated the development of better detection methods. Currently, nowhere is this more apparent than with Cryptosporidium, with a broad range of immunological, microscopical and molecular methods available. The upsurge in molecular techniques, particularly the polymerase chain reaction, for determining occurrence and viability have brought with them the added benefits of increased sensitivity and specificity, yet many methods still have to be shown to address these issues consistently in the field. Rapid commercialization of reagents and standardization of methods provide consistency. The advances identified in non-destructive and destructive methods for the protozoa have application for helminths and emerging pathogens and should determine the importance of the matrices involved in the environmental transmission of parasites, further safeguarding public and veterinary health.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma and Laboratory Possibilities for Their Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2273
Author(s):  
Urszula Demkow ◽  
Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Laboratory Techniques

Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases, including lung disorders, with the possibility of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The analysis of EV in respiratory tract diseases faces many obstacles, including material collection from airways, standardization of isolation techniques, detection methods, the analysis of their content, etc. This review focuses on the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of atopic respiratory diseases, especially asthma, with a special focus on their clinical applicability as a diagnostic tool. We also summarize available laboratory techniques that enable the detection of EVs in various biological materials, with particular emphasis on flow cytometry. The opportunities and limitations of detecting EV in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also described.

Enhanced DNA detection using a multiple pulse pumping scheme with time-gating (MPPTG)

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 2819-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Kimball ◽  
Badri Maliwal ◽  
Sangram L. Raut ◽  
Hung Doan ◽  
Zhangatay Nurekeyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Detection ◽  
Signal Enhancement ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Multiple Pulse ◽  
Time Gating

Fluorescence signal enhancement induced by the binding of intercalators to DNA has been broadly utilized in various DNA detection methods.

HPV DNA in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers: comparison of results from four DNA detection methods

Pathology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.H. Frazer ◽  
J.H. Leonard ◽  
J. Schonrock ◽  
R.G. Wright ◽  
J.H. Kearsley
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Comparison Of Results

First survey for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle from Central and Southern regions of Portugal using serological and DNA detection methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta G. Silva ◽  
Gisela Henriques ◽  
Claudia Sánchez ◽  
Patrícia X. Marques ◽  
Carlos E. Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Detection ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

scholarly journals Significance of “Not Detected but Amplified” Results by Real-Time PCR Method for HPV DNA Detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Taek Soo Kim ◽  
Mi Suk Lim ◽  
Yun Ji Hong ◽  
Sang Mee Hwang ◽  
Kyoung Un Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Fragment Analysis ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cytological Finding ◽  
Hpv Types

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an important etiologic factor in cervical carcinogenesis. Various HPV DNA detection methods have been evaluated for clinicopathological level. For the specimens with normal cytological finding, discrepancies among the detection methods were frequently found and adequate interpretation can be difficult. 6,322 clinical specimens were submitted and evaluated for real-time PCR and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). 573 positive or “Not Detected but Amplified” (NDBA) specimens by real-time PCR were additionally tested using genetic analyzer. For the reliability of real-time PCR, 325 retests were performed. Optimal cut-off cycle threshold (CT) value was evaluated also. 78.7% of submitted specimens showed normal or nonspecific cytological finding. The distributions of HPV types by real-time PCR were not different between positive and NDBA cases. For positive cases by fragment analysis, concordance rates with real-time PCR and HC2 were 94.2% and 84.2%. In NDBA cases, fragment analysis and real-time PCR showed identical results in 77.0% and HC2 revealed 27.6% of concordance with fragment analysis. Optimal cut-off CT value was different for HPV types. NDBA results in real-time PCR should be regarded as equivocal, not negative. The adjustment of cut-off CT value for HPV types will be helpful for the appropriate result interpretation.

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