Effects of a weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese postmenopausal women displaying various obesity phenotypes: a MONET group study

Obesity is a heterogeneous condition, since the metabolic profile may differ greatly from one individual to another. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a 6-month diet-induced weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese individuals displaying different obesity phenotypes. Secondary analyses were done on 129 obese (% body fat: 46% ± 4%) postmenopausal women (age: 57 ± 4 years). Outcome measures included body composition, body fat distribution, glucose homeostasis, fasting lipids, and blood pressure. Obesity phenotypes were determined based on lean body mass (LBM) index (LBMI = LBM/height2) and visceral fat (VF) accumulation, as follows: 1, lower VF and lower LBMI (n = 35); 2, lower VF and higher LBMI (n = 19); 3, higher VF and lower LBMI (n = 14); and 4, higher VF and higher LBMI (n = 61). All groups had significantly improved measures of body composition after the intervention (P < 0.0001). Greater decreases in LBM and LBMI were observed in the higher LBMI groups than in the lower LBMI groups (P < 0.0001). Similarly, decreases in VF were greater in the higher VF groups than in the lower VF groups (P < 0.05). Overall, fasting insulin levels and glucose disposal improved following the intervention, with higher LBMI groups showing a trend for greater improvements (P = 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Overall, no difference was observed among the different obesity phenotypes regarding improvements in the metabolic profile in response to weight loss. Individuals displaying higher VF or higher LBMI at baseline experienced significantly greater decreases for these variables after the intervention.

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Unacylated ghrelin is associated with changes in body composition and body fat distribution during long-term exercise intervention

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0334 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 165 (2) ◽

pp. 243-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Henna Cederberg ◽

Ulla Rajala ◽

Vesa-Matti Koivisto ◽

Jari Jokelainen ◽

Heljä-Marja Surcel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Unacylated Ghrelin

ObjectiveGhrelin, a gut–brain peptide involved in energy homeostasis, circulates predominantly (>90%) in unacylated form. Previous studies, however, have focused on total and acylated ghrelin, and the role of unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is not well understood. Particularly, the association of UAG with weight loss and changes in body composition in adults remains unclear. We hypothesized that exercise-associated increase in UAG level is associated with weight loss, favorable changes in body composition, and body fat distribution.Design and methodsA prospective study of 552 young men (mean age 19.3 and range 19–28 years) undergoing military service with structured 6-month exercise training program. Exercise performance, body composition, and biochemical measurements were obtained at baseline and follow-up. Association between changes in UAG levels and body composition and body fat distribution were evaluated.ResultsAn increase in UAG level during the exercise intervention was associated with reduced weight, fat mass (FM), fat percentage (fat %), and waist circumference, but not with fat-free mass. Inverse associations of changes in UAG level with changes in waist circumference and fat % were independent of weight at baseline, and changes in weight and exercise performance. Associations of changes in UAG level with waist circumference were significantly stronger than with fat % after the adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionUAG is associated with changes in body weight and body composition during an intensive long-term exercise intervention in young men. The association of UAG levels with changes in central obesity was stronger than with total FM.

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Effects of a weight-loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese individuals displaying various obesity phenotypes

Canadian Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52182-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

E. Normandin ◽

M.-E. Mathieu ◽

A.D. Karelis ◽

É. Doucet ◽

M.-E. Lavoie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Weight Loss Program

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Changes in Glucose Disposal After a Caloric Restriction-Induced Weight Loss Program in Obese Postmenopausal Women: Characteristics of Positive and Negative Responders

Canadian Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.317 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. S281

Author(s):

Étienne Myette-Côté ◽

Éric Doucet ◽

Denis Prud'homme ◽

Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret ◽

Jean-Marc Lavoie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Glucose Disposal

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Step-Defined Physical Activity Is Associated With Weight Loss and Changes in Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Response to Diet Interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab055_069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1259-1259

Author(s):

Qiaochu Xue ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Hao Ma ◽

Tao Zhou ◽

Yoriko Heianza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass ◽

Fat Composition ◽

Protein Diets

Abstract Objectives To examine whether objectively measured physical activity (PA) is associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diet interventions. Methods This study included 535 overweight or obese participants randomly assigned to 4 weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient intake with physical activity measured objectively with pedometers in the POUNDS Lost trial. The associations of step defined PA or the changes in PA with the changes in obesity measurements including body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat composition assessed by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, body fat distribution assessed by the computed tomography (CT) were examined at the 6 and 24 months. We also examined whether the associations were modified by diet interventions. Results The increase of step-defined PA was significantly predictive of weight loss and decrease in all measurements of body fat composition and distribution in response to diet interventions over 24 months (P < 0.0001 for all). We also observed significant inverse associations of changes in PA with changes in BW (P < 0.0001), WC (P < 0.0001), body fat composition (P < 0.05 for total fat, total lean, total fat mass %, and trunk fat %) and fat distribution (P < 0.05 for total adipose tissue mass (TAT), visceral adipose tissue mass (VAT), deep subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (DSAT)) from baseline to 6 months, when the maximum weight loss was achieved. Dietary fat or protein intake modified the associations between changes in PA and changes in body weight and waist circumference over 24 months; greater reduction in these measures was observed in participants with high-fat or low-protein diets than those in the low-fat or high-protein diets (P interaction < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Our results indicate that objectively measured PA is inversely related to the changes in body weight, body composition, and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diets, and such relation is more evident in people with high-fat or low-protein diets. Funding Sources The study was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Fogarty International Center, and Tulane Research Centers of Excellence Awards.

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