Effect of cluster set warm-up configurations on sprint performance in collegiate male soccer players

The purpose of this study was to determine if back squat cluster sets (CS) with varying inter-repetition rest periods would potentiate greater sprint performance compared with a traditional set parallel back squat in collegiate soccer players. Twelve collegiate male soccer players (age, 21.0 ± 2.0 years; height, 180.0 ± 9.0 cm; body mass, 79.0 ± 9.5 kg) performed a 20-m sprint prior to a potentiation complex and at 1, 4, 7, and 10 min postexercise on 3 separate, randomized occasions. On each occasion, the potentiation complex consisted of 1 set of 3 repetitions at 85% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for the traditional parallel back squat. However, on 1 occasion the 3-repetition set was performed in a traditional manner (i.e., continuously), whereas on the other 2 occasions, 30s (CS30) and 60 s (CS60) of rest were allotted between each repetition. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed greater (p = 0.022) mean barbell velocity on CS60 compared with the traditional set. However, faster (p < 0.040) 20-m sprint times were observed for CS30 (3.15 ± 0.16 s) compared with traditional (3.20 ± 0.17 s) only at 10 min postexercise. No other differences were observed. These data suggest that a single cluster set of 3 repetitions with 30-s inter-repetition rest periods at 85% 1RM acutely improves 20-m sprinting performance. Strength and conditioning professionals and their athletes might consider its inclusion during the specific warm-up to acutely improve athletic performance during the onset (≤10 min) of training or competition.

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The Back Squat and the Power Clean: Elicitation of Different Degrees of Potentiation

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2013-0358 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 643-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Laurent B. Seitz ◽

Gabriel S. Trajano ◽

G. Gregory Haff

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Rugby League ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Sprint Time ◽

Back Squat ◽

Potentiation Effect ◽

Average Acceleration ◽

Performance Effects ◽

Power Clean

Purpose:To compare the acute effects of back squats and power cleans on sprint performance.Methods:Thirteen elite junior rugby league players performed 20-m linear sprints before and 7 min after 2 different conditioning activities or 1 control condition. The conditioning activities included 1 set of 3 back squats or power cleans at 90% 1-repetition maximum. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare preconditioning and postconditioning changes in sprint performance.Results:Both the back-squat and power-clean conditioning activities demonstrated a potentiation effect as indicated by improved sprint time (back squat: P = .001, ES = –0.66; power cleans: P = .001, ES = –0.92), velocity (back squat: P = .001, ES = 0.63; power cleans: P = .001, ES = 0.84), and average acceleration over 20 m (back squat: P = .001, ES = 0.70; power cleans: P = .001, ES = 1.00). No potentiation effect was observed after the control condition. Overall, the power clean induced a greater improvement in sprint time (P = .042, ES = 0.83), velocity (P = .047, ES = 1.17), and average acceleration (P = .05, ES = 0.87) than the back squat.Conclusions:Back-squat and power-clean conditioning activities both induced improvements in sprint performance when included as part of a potentiation protocol. However, the magnitude of improvement was greater after the power cleans. From a practical perspective, strength and conditioning coaches should consider using power cleans rather than back squats to maximize the performance effects of potentiation complexes targeting the development of sprint performance.

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Core Temperature Changes and Sprint Performance of Elite Female Soccer Players After a 15-minute Warm-Up in a Hot-Humid Environment

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/01.jsc.0000491321.12969.1d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juraiporn Somboonwong ◽

Ladawan Chutimakul ◽

Sompol Sanguanrungsirikul

Keyword(s):

Core Temperature ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Warm Up ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Humid Environment

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The Effect of Different Warm Up Stretch Protocols on 20m-Sprint Performance in Trained Soccer Players

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.456 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 2210-2214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yaser Alikhajeh ◽

Nasser Mohamad Rahimi ◽

Khadijeh Fazeli ◽

Hajar Fazeli

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Warm Up

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Acute Effect of Different Combined Stretching Methods on Acceleration and Speed in Soccer Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2015-0154 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani ◽

Julio Calleja-Gonzalez ◽

Mansooreh Mogharabi-Manzari

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Rest Periods

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up, on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height: 177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49 years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more force for a faster execution.

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Comparison of Two Types of Warm-Up Upon Repeated-Sprint Performance in Experienced Soccer Players

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000001331 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 2258-2265 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Roland van den Tillaar ◽

Erna von Heimburg

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Warm Up ◽

Repeated Sprint

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The effects of a postactivation potentiation warm-up on subsequent sprint performance

Human Movement ◽

10.2478/humo-2013-0050 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chad E. Smith ◽

James C. Hannon ◽

Brian McGladrey ◽

Barry Shultz ◽

Patricia Eisenman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Kinematics Analysis ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Power Performance ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Warm Up ◽

Mixed Anova ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Main Effect

AbstractPurpose. Many strength and conditioning professionals propose that postactivation potentiation (PAP) warm-ups enhance power performance although there are few studies conducted in this regard on sprinting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a PAP warm-up on sprint performance. Methods. Twenty-four men and women completed a 40-yard (yd) sprint pretest on four nonconsecutive days followed by a PAP warm-up that included a sled resistance sprint at either 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of their body mass and concluded with a 40-yd dash posttest. Each resistance sprint was recorded for kinematic analysis. Results. A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial mixed ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between sexes in 40-yd dash times (p < 0.001). A significant main effect was found in pre- and post-40-yd dash measures regardless of sex (p < 0.001). The results indicated no significant differences in the post-40-yd dash times between sled loads and the load by time interaction. The participants’ 40-yd dash times improved 1.2% on average after the 10% load. Improvements in dash time for the 0%, 20%, and 30% loads were greater than 2%. Sprint kinematics analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between lighter and heavier loads. Conclusions. Regardless of the significant disruptions in sprint mechanics, there appears to be a potential for heavier sled resistances to affect acute improvements in 40-yd sprint performance. However, it is unclear whether heavier sleds loads may provide greater benefit than warming up with 0% resistance.

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Caffeine Supplementation and Reactive Agility in Elite Youth Soccer Players

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2013-0134 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. Bradley Jordan ◽

Ajit Korgaokar ◽

Richard S. Farley ◽

John M. Coons ◽

Jennifer L. Caputo

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Double Blind ◽

Male Youth ◽

Warm Up ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Reactive Agility

This study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg−1) on performance of a reactive agility test (RAT) in 17 elite, male, youth (M = 14 y) soccer players. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, players completed 4 days of testing on the RAT after a standardized warm-up. On day 1, anthropometric measurements were taken and players were accommodated to the RAT. On day 2, baseline performance was established. Caffeine or placebo conditions were randomly assigned on day 3 and the condition was reversed on day 4. Players completed 3 randomized trials of the RAT on days 2, 3, and 4 with at least 1 trial to the players’ dominant and nondominant sides. There were no significant differences among conditions in reaction time (RT) to the dominant side, heart rates at any point of measurement, or ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) after completion of the warm-up. Caffeine produced faster RT to the nondominant side (P = .041) and higher RPE at the conclusion of the RAT (P = .013). The effect on the total time (TT) to complete the agility test to the nondominant side approached significance (P = .051). Sprint time and TT to either side did not differ. Caffeine supplementation may provide ergogenic benefit to elite, male, youth soccer players.

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Αcute Effect of Two Different Post-Activation Potentiation Running Protocols on Sprint Performance of Preadolescent Boys

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019025028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Petrakis ◽

Bassa ◽

Papavasileiou

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Control Protocol ◽

Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Omni Scale

AIM: Forward and backward sprint are two types of locomotion commonly used in sports. The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effect of two post-activation potentiation sprint protocols, including the aforementioned types of locomotion, in subsequent 20-m sprint performance (SP) and the possible fatigue caused by them in preadolescent boys. MATERIAL & METHOD: Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.49 ± 0.52 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Boys’ SP was evaluated randomly on three non-consecutive days. SP was evaluated 4 min after (a) a typical warm-up (3 min jogging and dynamic stretching), (b) the typical warm-up followed by 3 x 10 m forward sprint and (c) the typical warm-up followed by 3 × 10 m backward sprint. Τhe Microgate Witty Wireless Training Timer was used for the evaluation of SP and the 10-degree OMNI scale for the evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion. RESULTS: ANOVA with repeated measures indicated no statistically significant effect of protocol on the 0–5, 0–10 and 0–20 m SP (p > 0.05). On the contrary, it was found that the protocols in which 3 × 10 m forward or backward sprint was incorporated caused statistically significant greater fatigue than the control protocol (p < 0.001), without any differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of three 10-m sprints, either forward or backward, to a standard warm-up does not cause acute improvement in 20-m sprint performance in preadolescent boys, as both protocols cause greater fatigue than a typical warm-up. Therefore, their addition to warm-up of preadolescent boys is not recommended.

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A Mental Warm-Up for Athletes

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.2018-0120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 213-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Britton W. Brewer ◽

Adisa Haznadar ◽

Dylan Katz ◽

Judy L. Van Raalte ◽

Albert J. Petitpas

Keyword(s):

Goal Setting ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Mental Skills ◽

Male Youth ◽

Warm Up ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

Competitive Season ◽

Self Talk ◽

Male High School

The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate a 5-min structured mental warm-up involving aspects of goal setting, imagery, arousal regulation, and positive self-talk. Results of a study that featured a pretest–posttest design with 101 male youth soccer players (Study 1) and a study that featured a repeated-measures experimental design with 29 female intercollegiate soccer players (Study 2) indicated that executing the mental warm-up was associated with significantly greater readiness to perform and to use mental skills to enhance performance. In Study 3, 30 male high school soccer players used the mental warm-up daily over a competitive season and rated it as acceptable (albeit less so than their physical warm-up) at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the season. The findings suggest that a mental warm-up is both acceptable to athletes and potentially useful in helping them prepare for training and competition.

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