Distanced self-talk increases rational self-interest

Does stepping back to evaluate a situation from a distanced perspective lead us to be selfish or fair? This question has been of philosophical interest for centuries, and, more recently, the focus of extensive empirical inquiry. Yet, extant research reveals a puzzle: some studies suggest that adopting a distanced perspective will produce more rationally self-interested behavior, whereas others suggest that it will produce more impartial behavior. Here we adjudicate between these perspectives by testing the effects of adopting a third-person perspective on decision making in a task that pits rational self-interest against impartiality: the dictator game. Aggregating across three experiments (N = 774), participants who used third-person (i.e., distanced) vs. first-person (i.e., immersed) self-talk during the dictator game kept more money for themselves. We discuss these results in light of prior research showing that psychological distance can promote cooperation and fairmindedness and how the effect of psychological distance on moral decision-making may be sensitive to social context.

Center the Relationship between Self-Leadership Behaviors of Sports-Sports Training Specialists and Job Satisfaction Levels (An Example from Eastern Anatolia Region)

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-leadership behaviors and job satisfaction levels of Sports-Sports Training Specialists working in Provincial Directorates of Youth and Sports. The research population consists of 230 Sports-Sports Training Specialists working in the Provincial Directorates of Youth and Sports in the Eastern Anatolia Region. “Personal Information Form”, “Self-Leadership Questionnaire-SLQ” and “Job Satisfaction Scale” were used for data collection. 72.2% of the participants are male, 73.4% have an undergraduate degree and 64.6% are working in their institution on a contractual basis. There is a significant difference in favor of women between gender and the self-talk sub-dimension of the self-leadership scale. There was a significant difference between the working positions and the total score of the self-leadership scale and the sub-dimension of self-cueing in favor of permanent employees. There was a statistically significant difference between the job satisfaction scale and the sports training specialists having poor economic status. No positive relationship was found between self-leadership and job satisfaction. It has been concluded that female sports-sports training specialists are more focused on self-talk than males and this has an effect on self-leadership levels, but gender does not affect their job satisfaction levels. Permanent staff experts motivate themselves better and have a better sense of self-leadership than contracted experts. It has been determined that compared to their senior colleagues, newcomers to the profession are in an effort to reveal their self-leadership behaviors more in order to prove themselves in their institutions and to be successful.

Effects of positive self-talk on the level of anxiety of patients with coronary heart disease

Background: Coronary heart disease has an impact on the psychological aspect of the patients, including anxiety responses. Anxiety responses can be reduced with the positive self-talk technique. This study aims to analyze the effect of positive self-talk in reducing the anxiety level of patients with coronary heart disease.

CBT for Childhood Anxiety: Reviewing the State of Personalised Intervention Research

This article presents a mini-review of the state of personalised intervention research in the field of child and adolescent anxiety. We evaluated narrative, systematic and meta-analytic reviews of key research methodologies and how they relate to current approaches for personalising CBT, specifically. Preliminary evidence of predictors (severity of primary disorder, social anxiety disorder (SoAD), comorbid depression, parental psychopathology, parental involvement and duration of treatment), moderators (type of primary disorder) and mediators (self-talk, coping, problem-solving and comorbid symptoms) of CBT outcomes provides content for several personalised approaches to treatment. Finally, we present a novel conceptual model depicting the state of personalised intervention research in childhood anxiety and propose a research agenda for continued progress.