STUDIES IN THE NUTRITION OF CORYNEBACTERIUM SEPEDONICUM (SPIEK. AND KOTT.) SKAPT. AND BURKH.

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. MacLachlan ◽  
F. S. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum

The nutritional requirements of Corynebacterium sepedonicum (Spiek. and Kott.) Skapt. and Burkh. were investigated by the use of the Warburg respiration apparatus. Pantothenic acid, in a concentration of 600 micrograms (μgm.) per liter, caused the greatest growth augmentation of nine vitamins tested. The amino acids, glutamic acid, asparagine, leucine, and lysine in concentrations of 0.001, 1. 0, 0.03, and 0.03 gm. per liter respectively, caused a marked increase in oxygen uptake, either individually or in combination. Yeast nucleic acid and thymonucleic acid had no significant effect on the growth rate of C. sepedonicum. A new medium was prepared for the isolation and maintenance of C. sepedonicum.

The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

1967 ◽  
Vol 168 (1013) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

Some aspects of the nitrogen metabolism of Nodularia spumigena (Cyanophyceae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Camm ◽  
J. R. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Nodularia Spumigena ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reducing Ability

Nitrate-reducing ability, NO2−-reducing ability, and glutamic acid dehydrogenase levels were measured in two clones of Nodularia spumigena Mertens. Measurements with whole cells of both clones show that NO3− reduction is stimulated by NO3−, and that NO2− reduction is probably stimulated by NO2−. The NO3−-reducing system is stimulated by light and inhibited by NH4+. These controls and possible control over NH4+ incorporation into amino acids are compared to systems operative in other organisms.Differences in growth and physiology of the clones in growth rate on N-free medium, growth inhibition by urea, and NO2− accumulation in the medium are discussed.

The oxygen uptake of Trypanosoma lewisi and Trypanosoma equiperdum, with especial reference to oxygen consumption in the presence of amino-acids

Parasitology ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
June P. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Trypanosoma Lewisi ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

1. Standard conditions are described for preparing suspensions of washed Trypanosoma lewisi and T. equiperdum in modified Ringer–phosphate solution.2. Oxygen consumption was measured with differential manometers, using microflasks containing 2–5 × 107 trypanosomes in 0·9 ml. of reaction mixture. Measurements of oxygen uptake were carried out at 37° C.3. T. lewisi respired slowly in the absence of substrate for up to 2 hr. The trypanosomes suffered little damage when stored at 5° C. for 24 hr. without substrate. No oxygen uptake was observed with T. equiperdum in the absence of substrate. The trypanosomes were viable after 24 hr. at 5° C. with glucose or glycerol as substrate, but not in the absence of substrate.4. With glucose as substrate, the rate of oxygen consumption by T. lewisi increased with the age of infection. This change was more marked with glutamine as substrate.5. With glucosamine as substrate, the oxygen uptake of T. lewisi was at a slightly lower rate than with glucose. The rate of oxygen uptake was still lower with Na l-glutamic acid, asparagine, aspartic acid, casein hydrolysate, yeast extract and Difco Bacto-peptone. Thirteen other amino-acids had no effect on the motility of the trypanosomes.6. With glycerol as substrate, the oxygen uptake of T. equiperdum was at a slightly lower rate than with glucose. The rate of oxygen uptake was very low with yeast extract, casein hydrolysate and Difco Bacto-peptone. No oxygen uptake or motility was recorded with glutamine, Na l-glutamic acid, glucosamine, asparagine, aspartic acid, dl-alanine, or Na acetate. Thirteen other amino-acids had no effect on the motility of the trypanosomes.7. Ammonia was liberated from glutamine by adult and reproductive phase T. lewisi.

SOME VITAMIN AND AMINO ACID INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI 113-3: I. THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF CYSTINE AND CYSTEINESULPHINIC ACID

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McLaughlan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations

Cystine, cysteinesulphinic acid (CSA), and other closely related sulphur-containing amino acids inhibited growth of Escherichia coli 113-3, particularly in aerobic conditions. The cystine inhibition was completely prevented by aspartic acid, partially reversed by pantothenic acid or β-alanine and slightly reversed by lysine or thiamine. The inhibitory effect of CSA was completely or partially reversed by aspartic acid, lysine, glutamic acid, proline, ornithine, or homoserine. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid appeared to reverse the inhibition competitively while lysine seemed to reverse the inhibition in a noncompetitive manner. Reversal of the inhibitory effect of relatively high concentrations of CSA by lysine was not complete, however, unless methionine was also present. Possible mechanisms of the cystine and CSA inhibition are discussed.

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF ARTHROBACTER TERREGENS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret O. Burton ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Liver Extract ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

Vitamin and amino acid requirements have been established for Arthrobacter terregens n. sp., an organism found to require an unknown growth factor present in soil extract, liver extract, and culture filtrates of Arthobacter pascens n. sp. Apart from this unknown factor, concentrates of which promote growth at less than 0.1 μgm. per ml., biotin, thiamine, and pantothenic acid were found to be essential. With adequate mineral supplement the nitrogen requirements could be fulfilled by l-glutamic acid, though the latter could be replaced by combinations of other amino acids.

scholarly journals The Influence of Abomasal Supplements of Some Amino Acids and Sulphur-Containing Compounds on Wool Growth Rate

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Wool Growth

Effects on wool growth rate of abomasal supplements of several amino acids (glycine, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, and threonine) and of some sulphurcontaining compounds (L-cysteamine, sulphuric acid, and methionine hydroxy analogue) were examined. None of the abomasal supplements, apart from methionine hydroxy analogue, was effective for stimulating wool growth. Methionine hydroxy analogue did not influence wool growth rate when given as a dietary supplement.

Requirements for growth of Pasteurella ureae in a chemically defined medium

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
G. E. Wessman ◽  
Geraldine Wessman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium

The nutritional requirements for culture of Pasteurella ureae in a chemically defined medium were determined. The medium in which the species grew best contained 16 amino acids: L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-threonine were nutritionally essential; L-aspartic acid, L-leucine, and L-tryptophane were markedly stimulatory. The species also required uracil plus two purines, and two vitamins, nicotinamide and pantothenate.

scholarly journals Characterization of three-fraction mycobacillin synthetase

1986 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Mukhopadhyay ◽  
S Majumder ◽  
S K Ghosh ◽  
S K Bose
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Alanine Racemase ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Covalently Linked

Mycobacillin synthetase lacks aspartic acid racemase, alanine racemase and glutamic acid racemase activities. The enzyme also does not respond to ATP-[32P]Pi exchange, nor does it catalyse the antibiotic synthesis in presence of amino acids of configuration opposite to that present in the molecule. Preincubation with optical isomers of opposite configuration inhibited the ATP-[32P]Pi exchange reaction to the extent of 60-90%. None of the three fractions of mycobacillin synthetase contained a pantothenic acid arm. Two molecules of ATP are required to synthesize one peptide bond of mycobacillin. Intermediate peptides of mycobacillin are not covalently linked to the three-fraction mycobacillin synthetase.

Amino-acids and peptides. XI. A new synthesis of peptides of glutamic acid

1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rudinger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
New Synthesis

ChemInform Abstract: Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of Two Amino Acids. (S)-Glutamic Acid and ( S)-2-Aminoadipic Acid.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
S. TAKANO ◽  
T. KAMIKUBO ◽  
M. MORIYA ◽  
K. OGASAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid
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