STUDIES OF CANADIAN THELEPHORACEAE: XI. CONIDIUM PRODUCTION IN THE THELEPHORACEAE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Barbara Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Body ◽  
Conidium Production ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
Bipolar Type

Four species of the Thelephoraceae, Stereum sulcatum Burt, Vararia granulosa (Pers. ex Fries) Laurila, Corticium furfuraceum Bres., and Trechispora raduloides (Karst.) Rog. have been found to produce conidia on both simple-septate, haploid mycelia and clamp-bearing dicaryotic mycelia. The conidia of the first three species are borne on oedocephaloid conidiophores while those of the fourth are formed sympodially. In all four species, the conidia, whether produced on haploid or dicaryotic mycelia, are uninucleate and each germinates to give a simple-septate, haploid mycelium. Interfertility tests were undertaken with monosporous cultures derived from the germination of single conidia or of single basidiospores. By pairing single basidiospore cultures from an individual fruit body of both Stereum sulcatum and Vararia granulosa, it was shown that these species exhibit a bipolar type of interfertility. For each of the species under investigation, complete interfertility was obtained in pairings between single conidium cultures from different isolates of the same species. A series of single conidium cultures for each species, derived from conidia borne on a dicaryotic mycelium, when paired in all possible combinations, fell into two groups on the basis of their ability to produce clamp connections. In S. sulcatum, members of each group of single conidium cultures were interfertile with one or other of the two types of single basidiospore cultures from the same isolate. Cytological studies show that there is no fusion of nuclei prior to conidium formation on the dicaryotic mycelium. Instead, the two nuclei of the dicaryon divide separately to produce approximately equal numbers of each type of nucleus, one of which enters each conidium. As indicated by the interfertility tests, the conidia therefore contain nuclei of two reaction types which are identical with those of the two nuclei of the dicaryon and also with those of the nuclei of the parent basidiospores.

CONIDIUM PRODUCTION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS IN SYNTHETIC CULTURE MEDIA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Conidium Production ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
Synthetic Media

Two isolates, 365-4 and 1096, and the five races of Venturia inaequalis were used to investigate the effects of various factors on conidium production on filter paper cylinders standing in liquid synthetic media. The isolates and races varied significantly in conidium production and there was a large variation among tests done on different days. Varying the concentration of conidia used as inoculum and the age of cultures from which the inoculum was derived did not affect conidium production. Making single conidium transfers every 6 mo did not consistently enhance conidium formation in all isolates and races. Conidium yields were optimum between 16 and 19 days at a temperature of 16 C. The concentrations of glucose, nitrogen, KH2PO4, and MgSO4 required for optimum conidium production were not critical.

THE CULTURAL CHARACTERS, STRUCTURE OF THE FRUIT BODY, AND TYPE OF INTERFERTILITY OF CERRENA UNICOLOR (BULL. EX FR.) MURR.

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. A. van der Westhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Thin Walled

The cultural characters and morphology and construction of the fruit body of Cerrena unicolor (Bull, ex Fr.) Murr. are described. In the cultures and in the fruit bodies clamp connections are present on thin-walled as well as thick-walled hyphae. Pairings between cultures derived from single spores showed the bipolar type of interfertility. Conspecificity of some of the collections studied was confirmed by means of the "Buller phenomenon". Cerrena unicolor differs from type species of the genera Coriolus Quel., Lenzites Fr., Trametes Fr., and Daedalea Fr., to which it has been referred, in the morphology of the hyphae. It differs further from the type species of the first three genera by possessing the bipolar type of interfertility and from the type species of the fourth by possessing extracellular oxidase.

Basidiocarps, annelloconidia, and sclerotia in agar cultures of Pistillaria (Clavariadelphaceae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Koske Jr. ◽  
Peter W. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Body ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
Temperature Optima

Pistillaria micans Fr. and Pistillaria setipes Grev. produced fertile sporophores in agar culture. Light was necessary for production of fertile basidiocarps in both species and for pigment production and conidium formation in P. micans. Annelloconidia were produced by P. micans. Viable sclerotia were formed by P. setipes. The taxonomic significance of sclerotia in Pistillaria and Typhula is discussed. Neither species demonstrated geotropism, but the fruit body of P. setipes was positively phototropic. Temperature optima for growth and sporophore production were ca. 15 °C for P. setipes and ca. 20–22 °C for P. micans.

scholarly journals Proteinases from the Fruit-body of Flammulina velutipes.

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 907-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao TERASHITA ◽  
Makoto NAWAMA ◽  
Kentaro YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Jiko SHISHIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Body ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes

A p–n fusion strategy to design bipolar organic materials for high-energy-density symmetric batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyeon Kim ◽  
Heechan Kim ◽  
Sechan Lee ◽  
Giyun Kwon ◽  
Taewon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lumo Energy ◽  
Fusion Strategy ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Homo Lumo

A new bipolar-type redox-active organic material with a wide HOMO–LUMO energy gap is designed though the ‘p–n fusion’ strategy.

scholarly journals Impact of modification to DSM-5 criterion A for hypomania/mania in newly diagnosed bipolar patients: findings from the prospective BIO study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette U. Fredskild ◽  
Sharleny Stanislaus ◽  
Klara Coello ◽  
Sigurd A. Melbye ◽  
Hanne Lie Kjærstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Abstract Background DSM-IV states that criterion A for diagnosing hypomania/mania is mood change. The revised DSM-5 now states that increased energy or activity must be present alongside mood changes to diagnose hypomania/mania, thus raising energy/activity to criterion A. We set out to investigate how the change in criterion A affects the diagnosis of hypomanic/manic visits in patients with a newly diagnosed bipolar disorder. Results In this prospective cohort study, 373 patients were included (median age = 32; IQR, 27–40). Women constituted 66% (n = 245) of the cohort and 68% of the cohort (n = 253) met criteria for bipolar type II, the remaining patients were diagnosed bipolar type I. Median number of contributed visits was 2 per subject (IQR, 1–3) and median follow-up time was 3 years (IQR, 2–4). During follow-up, 127 patients had at least one visit with fulfilled DSM-IV criterion A. Applying DSM-5 criterion A reduced the number of patients experiencing a hypomanic/manic visit by 62% at baseline and by 50% during longitudinal follow-up, compared with DSM-IV criterion A. Fulfilling DSM-5 criterion A during follow-up was associated with higher modified young mania rating scale score (OR = 1.51, CL [1.34, 1.71], p < 0.0001) and increased number of visits contributed (OR = 1.86, CL [1.52, 2.29], p < 0.0001). Conclusion Applying the stricter DSM-5 criterion A in a cohort of newly diagnosed bipolar patients reduced the number of patients experiencing a hypomanic/manic visit substantially, and was associated with higher overall young mania rating scale scores, compared with DSM-IV criterion A. Consequently, fewer hypomanic/manic visits may be detected in newly diagnosed bipolar patients with applied DSM-5 criterion A, and the upcoming ICD-11, which may possibly result in longer diagnostic delay of BD as compared with the DSM-IV.

scholarly journals The Fungi-specific histone Acetyltransferase Rtt109 mediates morphogenesis, Aflatoxin synthesis and pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus by acetylating H3K9

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruilin Sun ◽  
Meifang Wen ◽  
Lianghuan Wu ◽  
Huahui Lan ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Environmental Stress Response ◽  
New Thought ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
Complementary Strain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

AbstractAspergillus flavus is a common saprophytic filamentous fungus that produces the highly toxic natural compound aflatoxin during its growth process. Synthesis of the aflatoxins, which can contaminate food crops causing huge losses to the agricultural economy, is often regulated by epigenetic modification, such as the histone acetyltransferase. In this study, we used Aspergillus flavus as an experimental model to construct the acetyltransferase gene rtt109 knockout strain (△rtt109) and its complementary strain (△rtt109·com) by homologous recombination. The growth of △rtt109 was significantly suppressed compared to the wild type (WT) strain and the △rtt109·com strain. The sclerotium of △rtt109 grew smaller, and the amount of sclerotia generated by △rtt109 was significantly reduced. The number of conidiums of △rtt109 was significantly reduced, especially on the yeast extract sucrose (YES) solid medium. The amount of aflatoxins synthesized by △rtt109 in the PDB liquid medium was significantly decreased We also found that the △rtt109 strain was extremely sensitive to DNA damage stress. Through the maize seed infection experiment, we found that the growth of △rtt109 on the surface of affected corn was largely reduced, and the amount of aerial mycelium decreased significantly, which was consistent with the results on the artificial medium. We further found that H3K9 was the acetylated target of Rtt109 in A. flavus. In conclusion, Rtt109 participated in the growth, conidium formation, sclerotia generation, aflatoxin synthesis, environmental stress response, regulation of infection of A. flavus. The results from this study of rtt109 showed data for acetylation in the regulation of life processes and provided a new thought regarding the prevention and control of A. flavus hazards.

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