CONIDIUM PRODUCTION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS IN SYNTHETIC CULTURE MEDIA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Conidium Production ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
Synthetic Media

Two isolates, 365-4 and 1096, and the five races of Venturia inaequalis were used to investigate the effects of various factors on conidium production on filter paper cylinders standing in liquid synthetic media. The isolates and races varied significantly in conidium production and there was a large variation among tests done on different days. Varying the concentration of conidia used as inoculum and the age of cultures from which the inoculum was derived did not affect conidium production. Making single conidium transfers every 6 mo did not consistently enhance conidium formation in all isolates and races. Conidium yields were optimum between 16 and 19 days at a temperature of 16 C. The concentrations of glucose, nitrogen, KH2PO4, and MgSO4 required for optimum conidium production were not critical.

scholarly journals Polystyrene Nanoplastic Behavior and Toxicity on Crustacean Daphnia magna: Media Composition, Size, and Surface Charge Effects

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Alexis Pochelon ◽  
Serge Stoll ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Media

Concerns about the possible ecotoxicological implications of nano-sized plastic materials in the freshwater environment are growing with the increasing use of plastic materials. The present study focuses on the behavior and effects of amidine-functionalized polystyrene (NPLs) of 20, 40, 60, and 100-nm-size in freshwaters and different synthetic media. Daphnia magna was exposed to increasing concentrations from 0.5 to 30 mg/L (and from 0.5 to 100 mg/L for 100-nm-sized NPLs). The results revealed no significant aggregation in ultra-pure water, culture media, and synthetic water. In the presence of natural organic matter, NPLs of 20 and 40 nm displayed better stability in both freshwater and synthetic media, whereas a significant aggregation of 60 and 100 nm PS NPLs was found. All the studied PS NPLs with size between 20 and 100 nm exhibited acute toxicity to D. magna. The observed 48-h immobilization strongly depended on the primary size of PS NPLs, with 20 and 40-nm-size PS NPLs inducing a stronger effect in both freshwaters and synthetic media. Water quality variables such as pH, cation and anion composition, and DOC were of secondary importance. The results of the present study confirmed the toxicity of NPLs of different sizes to crustaceans in natural freshwater and synthetic media and demonstrated the importance of the primary size of NPLs in the behavior and effects of NPLs.

Comparative Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Cellulose from Local Waste and Cheap Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3664-3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazhar Ul-Islam
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Synthetic Media

Background: Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been extensively utilized in a wide range of applications specifically in the biomedical field thanks to its excellent physico-chemical and biological features. The major limitation restricting its application in certain areas is its high production cost. Its widespread applications demand exploration of alternative production media compared to the existing expensive ones. Herein, an effort has been made to utilize waste and cheaply available local resources including; waste (expired) orange juice (WOJ), sugarcane juice (SC) and coconut water (CW) as alternative media for BC production in comparison to the synthetic media (control). Methods: Waste and cheap resources were collected from the local market, screened filtered and optimized for the development of BC culture media. BC production from all media was observed under static cultivation for 10 days. The results indicated 2.75, 2.56, 3.32 and 1.68 g/L BC production that corresponded to 27.5%, 21.7 %, 20.1 % and 31.6 % sugar to BC conversion from control, WOJ, SC and CW media, respectively. Morphology and crystalline features of produced BC samples were observed through FE-SEM and XRD analysis. It was noteworthy that BC produced from all alternative sources indicated high water holding capabilities (WHC) and water retention time (WRT) that augment their applicability in drug delivery and wound healing applications. Conclusion: The BC production from cheap resources and its high physical, mechanical and biological properties can be of high interest for scaling up and commercialization of BC production processes. Furthermore, its liquidabsorbing capabilities and retention time can help in drug carrying and medical application.

STUDIES OF CANADIAN THELEPHORACEAE: XI. CONIDIUM PRODUCTION IN THE THELEPHORACEAE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Barbara Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Body ◽  
Conidium Production ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
Bipolar Type

Four species of the Thelephoraceae, Stereum sulcatum Burt, Vararia granulosa (Pers. ex Fries) Laurila, Corticium furfuraceum Bres., and Trechispora raduloides (Karst.) Rog. have been found to produce conidia on both simple-septate, haploid mycelia and clamp-bearing dicaryotic mycelia. The conidia of the first three species are borne on oedocephaloid conidiophores while those of the fourth are formed sympodially. In all four species, the conidia, whether produced on haploid or dicaryotic mycelia, are uninucleate and each germinates to give a simple-septate, haploid mycelium. Interfertility tests were undertaken with monosporous cultures derived from the germination of single conidia or of single basidiospores. By pairing single basidiospore cultures from an individual fruit body of both Stereum sulcatum and Vararia granulosa, it was shown that these species exhibit a bipolar type of interfertility. For each of the species under investigation, complete interfertility was obtained in pairings between single conidium cultures from different isolates of the same species. A series of single conidium cultures for each species, derived from conidia borne on a dicaryotic mycelium, when paired in all possible combinations, fell into two groups on the basis of their ability to produce clamp connections. In S. sulcatum, members of each group of single conidium cultures were interfertile with one or other of the two types of single basidiospore cultures from the same isolate. Cytological studies show that there is no fusion of nuclei prior to conidium formation on the dicaryotic mycelium. Instead, the two nuclei of the dicaryon divide separately to produce approximately equal numbers of each type of nucleus, one of which enters each conidium. As indicated by the interfertility tests, the conidia therefore contain nuclei of two reaction types which are identical with those of the two nuclei of the dicaryon and also with those of the nuclei of the parent basidiospores.

scholarly journals Nonapoptotic Death of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells That Is Stimulated by Hsp90 and Inhibited by Calcineurin and Cmk2 in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stresses

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2037-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew D. Dudgeon ◽  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Olufisayo O. Ositelu ◽  
Hyemin Kim ◽  
Kyle W. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis ◽  
Cells Death

ABSTRACT Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can trigger apoptosis and necrosis in many types of mammalian cells. Previous studies in yeast found little or no cell death in response to the ER stressor tunicamycin, but a recent study suggested widespread apoptosis-like death. Here we show that wild-type laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells responding to tunicamycin die by nonapoptotic mechanisms in low-osmolyte culture media and survive for long periods of time in standard synthetic media. Survival requires calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, but none of its known targets. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Cmk2 was identified as an indirect target of calcineurin that suppresses death of calcineurin-deficient cells. Death of Cmk2- and/or calcineurin-deficient S. cerevisiae cells was preceded by accumulation of reactive oxygen species but was not associated with hallmarks of apoptosis and was not dependent on Mca1, Aif1, Nuc1, or other factors implicated in apoptosis-like death. Cmk2 and calcineurin also independently suppressed the death of S. cerevisiae cells responding to dithiothreitol or miconazole, a common azole-class antifungal drug. Though inhibitors of Hsp90 have been shown to diminish calcineurin signaling in S. cerevisiae and to synergistically inhibit growth in combination with azoles, they did not stimulate death of S. cerevisiae cells in combination with miconazole or tunicamycin, and instead they prevented the death of calcineurin- and Cmk2-deficient cells. These findings reveal a novel prodeath role for Hsp90 and antideath roles for calcineurin and Cmk2 that extend the life span of S. cerevisiae cells responding to both natural and clinical antifungal compounds.

scholarly journals The Development of Human Megakaryocytes: III. Development of Mature Megakaryocytes From Highly Purified Committed Progenitors in Synthetic Culture Media and Inhibition of Thrombopoietin-Induced Polyploidization by Interleukin-3

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Dolzhanskiy ◽  
Ross S. Basch ◽  
Simon Karpatkin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Interleukin 3 ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Affinity Techniques ◽  
Synthetic Media

Abstract Megakaryocyte (MK) progenitors, CD34+CD41+ cells, were isolated from human bone marrow with a purity greater than 98% and a viability of 95%, using affinity techniques with magnetic beads followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These cells were incubated in synthetic media containing the cytokines thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), stem cell factor (SCF ), and IL-6, obviating the confounding effects of serum growth factors or cytokine secretions of non-MK cells on MK maturation. MK number, MK colony-forming units (CFU-MK), and MK ploidy and phenotype were examined during 7 days in culture. TPO in serum-free cultures without any other exogenously added cytokine supported MK growth and maturation. SCF synergized with TPO to augment MK production and maturation and could partially replace it under some conditions. Both TPO and IL-3 alone increased MK number (12- and 5-fold, respectively) and CFU-MK (∼15-fold each). SCF alone had no effect on MK proliferation in the absence of TPO, but increased both MK number and CFU-MK by 1.5- to 2.0-fold in the presence of TPO. When combined with IL-3, SCF increased both MK number and CFU-MK by 15- to 20-fold in the absence of TPO. In the presence of TPO, the combination of IL-3 and SCF produced only modest increases (1.5- to 2.0-fold) in both MK number and CFU-MK. The proportion of polyploid MK increased greater than fivefold in the presence of TPO. SCF had little effect on MK ploidy in the presence of TPO, but enhanced ploidy twofold to threefold in the absence of TPO. IL-3 alone never increased the level of polyploidization. Rather, it consistently inhibited TPO- and SCF-induced polyploidization of MK. This inhibition was observed in cultures with or without SCF or IL-6. Although IL-3 also supported the proliferation of CD41+ cells and CFU-MK production, the cells that developed under the influence of IL-3 were phenotypically unusual (CD41dim, CD42dim) and of relatively low ploidy. Mature MK were not produced. When added with TPO, IL-3 suppressed polyploidization. Therefore, TPO stimulates MK growth and maturation, whereas IL-3 stimulates growth without maturation and may serve to conserve the immature MK compartment.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae growth and an analysis of the allergen expression in semi-synthetic culture medium

Acarologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
David Rodríguez ◽  
Ricardo Palacios ◽  
Jorge Martínez ◽  
Jorge A. Guisantes ◽  
Idoia Postigo
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Allergenic Extracts ◽  
Optimal Time Point ◽  
Synthetic Media

Currently, several mite growth culture media used in the production of allergenic extracts contain animal-derived components that limit their use in diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae mites in a semi-synthetic medium without animal-derived proteins to produce highly reproducible allergenic extracts for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes to be more consistent with the regulations of health authorities. Both species of mites showed optimal growth in the semi-synthetic culture medium. The highest expression of allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 was observed at the last phases of mite growth. Semi-synthetic media without animal-derived proteins facilitated excellent growth rates of house dust mites in cultures. Adjusting the cultivation time to decide the optimal time point for the processing of the extracts is decisive.

scholarly journals Comparison growth of Candida albicans in alternative media and semi-synthetic on fisheries cerumen in bastiong karance Ternate City

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Erpi Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Synthetic Media

Otomycosis is an inflammatory process in the ear canal caused by a fungal infection. The activity of fishermen on the high seas at night or during the day is often at risk of contracting fungal diseases, because their workplaces are in the open air and in wet and humid areas favored by fungi. Work as a fisherman also makes them often exposed to direct sunlight so that the body's temperature rises, the body will produce sweat and cause the ear wax to be disturbed. Semi-synthetic media such as PDAs have sufficient carbohydrate content so that they are good for fungal growth. This media is pretty much needed in fungal breeding both in the laboratory and in agriculture. But the price of this media is quite expensive besides that not all chemical shops provide it, while the needs of PDA media are increasing so that another alternative is needed to replace the fungal culture media. This research is instrumental with a cross sectional approach and aims to find out the level of significance of the differences in the growth of Candida albicans against alternative media for agar dextrose agar and semi-synthetic Potato Dextrose agar (PDA). The sampling technique was non-random with a purposive sampling design of 46 people. The sample was then isolated on a semi-synthetic PDA media and alternative media to see differences in the growth of Candida albicans. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that there are 38 samples of respondents detected positively Candida albicans on semi-synthetic media (PDA) and alternative media, and based on the results of data processing obtained p value 0,000 <0.05 which indicates that there are very significant differences in growth Candida albicans between semi-synthetic media (PDA) and alternative media.Keyword : Candida albicans, Alternative Media, Potato Dextrose Agar.

scholarly journals Overproduction of Some Plant Growth Promoters by Rhizospheric Microorganisms on Natural Medium

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Shimaa E. Ibrahim ◽  
Heba Sh. Shehata ◽  
Hala F. Mohamed ◽  
Rawheya A. Salah El Din
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Solubilization ◽  
Pseudomonas Monteilii ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
The Cost

Considering the nutritional values of Mentha viridis. L and Aloe veraplants, these plants can be utilized for the production of alternative cultivation media. The cost of artificial culture media is very high, and some components may be unavailable. Use of the plant-based culture media would drastically reduce the expense of the synthetic media. Fifteen bacterial isolates were isolated from Aloe vera rhizosphere, nine bacterial and nine actinomycetes isolates were isolated from Mentha viridis rhizosphere both cultivated in Sirs EL- Layan, El-Menoufia governorate, Egypt. In-vitroscreening was done for the production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and phosphorus solubilization. Results revealed that bacterial isolate No. MB4 produced a high amount of IAA(36.51 μg/ml) on the Mentha-based culture medium, No. A6 showed maximum IAA production (16.25μg/ml) on the Aloe vera-based culture medium and isolate No. MA6 was efficient in phosphorus solubilization (867.85μg/ml) that was isolated from the Mentha viridis. L rhizosphere.16s rRNA analysis of these isolates revealed they are (Pseudomonas monteilii strain CIP 104883, Streptomyces rochei strain DW3 and Kosakonia radicincitans strain DSM 16656 respectively.

scholarly journals Causal Agent of Red Stripe Disease of Rice

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310-1317
Author(s):  
F. A. Elazegui ◽  
N. P. Castilla ◽  
T. U. Dalisay ◽  
T. W. Mew
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Test Plants

A variety of methods that included natural and synthetic media for isolating bacteria and fungi were used to isolate the causal agent of the red stripe disease of rice. A fungus was isolated consistently from leaves with red stripe symptoms using the blotter method. In this method, surface-sterilized leaves were placed on sterile petri plates, lined with moistened filter paper, and the plates were incubated for 14 days at 28 to 30°C. The fungal isolate was reisolated from the lesions of inoculated plants and reinoculated on test plants that became symptomatic, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological characteristics of the fungus, the causal agent of red stripe was identified as a species of Gonatophragmium. Colonies of the latter are slow-growing, reaching an average of 29.0 ± 0.9 mm in diameter after incubation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 18 days at 28 to 30°C in the dark. It can be overgrown easily by saprophytes when infected leaves are incubated using the blotter method without sterilization. Yellow-orange pigmentation was observed on PDA with mycelial growth and on filter paper with infected leaves, a unique characteristic which facilitates the isolation of the fungus. Studies are in progress using traditional and molecular techniques to identify the pathogen to the species level.

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