DRECHSLERA ITO

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Formae Speciales

This taxonomic study of the hyphomycete genus Drechslera is based on type specimens, and on fresh collections and herbarium specimens principally from North America. Characters of conidia and conidiophores, and the growth characteristics of the species in artificial culture, are described and illustrated. Two keys to species are included: one based on characters of conidia and conidiophores; the second based on growth characteristics on sucrose proline agar. Fifteen species, one composed of two formae speciales, are accepted. Their names and some of the well-known synonyms are: D. avenacea (Curtis ex Cooke) Shoem. (= Helminthosporium, avenae Eidam); D. bromi (Died.) Shoem.; D. catenaria (Drechs.) Ito; D. dactylidis n. sp.; D. dictyoides (Drechs.) Shoem. f. sp. dictyoides; D. dictyoides f. sp. perenne (Braverman & Graham) n. comb.; D. erythrospila (Drechs.) Shoem.; D. fugax (Wallr.) Shoem. in Hughes (= H. stenacrum Drechs.); D. gigantea (Heald & Wolf) Ito; D. graminea (Rab. ex Schlecht.) Shoem.; D. phlei (Graham) Shoem.; D. poae (Baudys) n. comb. (= H. vagans Drechs.); D. siccans (Drechs.) Shoem.; D. teres (Sacc.) Shoem.; D. tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoem. (= Drechslera tritici-vulgaris (Nisikado) Ito); and D. tuberosa (Atk.) Shoem. (= H. secalis Whitehead & Dickson, = H. japonicum Ito & Kurib., = H. fragosoi Bubak). Also included are the perfect states of six species: Pyrenophora chaetomioides Speg. (st. conid. D. avenacea); P. bromi (Died.) Drechs. (st. conid. D. bromi); P. teres Drechs. (st. conid. D. teres); P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. (st. conid. D. tritici-repentis); P. japonica Ito & Kurib. in Ito (st. conid. D. tuberosa), and the perfect state of D. dactylidis.

Growth forms and sepal hairs of the purple saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia: Saxifragaceae) in North America related to chromosome records and DNA information

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Aiken ◽  
M.C. LeBlanc ◽  
R.L. Boles
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The North ◽  
Saxifraga Oppositifolia

Growth forms and the presence or absence of hairs on the surfaces of the sepals of Saxifraga oppositifolia L. plants were examined on type specimens and more than 400 herbarium specimens collected from all over North America and Europe. Data were gathered on whether plant growth forms were compact, trailing, or intermediate between the extremes. Specimens were examined for whether or not hairs were present on the surface of the sepals between the long trichomes on the margins, and if so, an estimate was made of the degree of hairiness. While extreme forms of compact and trailing plants do occur, maps indicate that more of the plants collected in North America were intermediate in growth form. The geographic distribution of the presence or absence of hairs on the sepals is mapped, as is the gradation in degree of hairiness of sepals. The type specimen of S. oppositifolia subsp. smalliana (S. pulvinata), from the Yukon, has compact plants and flowers that have sepal surfaces with a few sparse hairs. The flowers have set fruits that have opened. “The smaller turbinate hypanthium” described in the original description may be the result of the structures being dehisced and dried up fruits. The type specimen of S. oppositifolia subsp. glandulisepala , from Alaska, is a relatively trailing specimen with some larger leaves. The sepal surfaces have a few glandular hairs. Whether or not the hairs appear glandular on herbarium specimens may reflect the stage of flowering at the time of collection. No morphological differences are associated with three different chromosome numbers known for S. oppositifolia plants from the area of the North American type specimens, and DNA analyses done mainly on European specimens, but also including a potential candidate for the name “smalliana”, gave inconclusive results. Thus, chromosome and DNA data join these morphological data on growth forms and the occurrence of sepal hairs to discourage recognizing subspecies among plants occurring in North America.

A monograph of Valsa on hardwoods in North America

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1355-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Spielman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Morphological Studies

The species of Valsa and Cytospora found on hardwoods in North America are reevaluated, based on morphological studies of type specimens, herbarium specimens, and fresh collections. Three sections are accepted in Valsa: sections Valsa, Monostichae Nits., and Cypri Urban, distinguished by the number, size, and arrangement of perithecia, the distribution of ostioles in the disc, and the size of ascospores. Four sections are accepted in Cytospora: sections Cytospora, Torsellia (Fr.) Gvrit., Cytophoma (Hoehn.) Gvrit., and Cytosporopsis (Hoehn.) Gvrit., based on the number and shape of the locules. Correlations between the teleomorphic and anamorphic sections Valsa–Cytospora, Monostichae–Torsellia, and Cypri–Cytophoma are reaffirmed. Six species of Valsa on North American hardwoods are accepted, and two new subspecies are proposed: V. ambiens subsp. ambiens and V. ambiens subsp. leucostomoides (Peck) Spielman. Six species of Cytospora are accepted.

Achene Morphology and Pericarp Anatomy of the Type Specimens of the Australian and New Zealand Species of Bolboschoenus (Cyperaceae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Browning ◽  
K. D. Gordon-Gray ◽  
S. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

Three species of Bolboschoenus (Ascherson) Palla are reported for Australia and New Zealand. Bolboschoenus caldwellii (V.J.Cook) Soják and B. medianus (V.J.Cook) Soják are based on types from New Zealand (under Scirpus L.). Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torrey) Soják has been lectotypified by a specimen from North America. Scirpus perviridis V.J.Cook, the type of which is also from New Zealand has been considered conspecific with Bolboschoenus fluviatilis. Achene morphology and pericarp anatomy of achenes removed from isotypes of Cook’s three species, Scirpus perviridis, S. caldwellii and S. medianus, are described and illustrated by electron micrographs. These achenes are compared with a representative sample of achenes of each of the Bolboschoenus species named above, taken from herbarium specimens collected in Australia and New Zealand. Infraspecific taxa within Bolboschoenus fluviatilis are briefly outlined. Features of Bolboschoenus medianus suggest a possible hybrid origin.

Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: reexamination of Walcott's and Resser's type specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Malinky
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Concepts of the family Hyolithidae Nicholson fide Fisher and the genera Hyolithes Eichwald and Orthotheca Novak have been expanded through time to encompass a variety of morphologically dissimilar shells. The Hyolithidae is here considered to include only those hyolithid species which have a rounded (convex) dorsum; slopes on the dorsum are inflated, and the venter may be flat or slightly inflated. Hyolithes encompasses species which possess a low dorsum and a prominent longitudinal sulcus along each edge of the dorsum; the ligula is short and the apertural rim is flared. The emended concept of Orthotheca includes only those species of orthothecid hyoliths which have a subtriangular transverse outline and longitudinal lirae covering the shell on both dorsum and venter.Eighteen species of Hyolithes and one species of Orthotheca from the Appalachian region and Western Interior were reexamined in light of more modern taxonomic concepts and standards of quality for type material. Reexamination of type specimens of H. similis Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, H. whitei Resser from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. billingsi Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. gallatinensis Resser from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming, and H. partitus Resser from the Middle Cambrian of Alabama indicates that none of these species represents Hyolithes. Hyolithes similis is here included under the new genus Similotheca, in the new family Similothecidae. Hyolithes whitei is designated as the type species of the new genus Nevadotheca, to which H. billingsi may also belong. Hyolithes gallatinensis is referred to Burithes Missarzhevsky with question, and H. partitus may represent Joachimilites Marek. The type or types of H. attenuatus Walcott, H. cecrops Walcott, H. comptus Howell, H. cowanensis Resser, H. curticei Resser, H. idahoensis Resser, H. prolixus Resser, H. resseri Howell, H. shaleri Walcott, H. terranovicus Walcott, and H. wanneri Resser and Howell lack shells and/or other taxonomically important features such as a complete aperture, rendering the diagnoses of these species incomplete. Their names should only be used for the type specimens until better preserved topotypes become available for study. Morphology of the types of H.? corrugatus Walcott and “Orthotheca” sola Resser does not support placement in the Hyolitha; the affinities of these species are uncertain.

Historical and phenological observations on the spread of Chaenorrhinum minus across North America

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Widrlechner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Relationship

Through a review of floristic and taxonomic literature and an examination of over 1500 herbarium specimens, this report documents the rapid spread of Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange along railroads across North America. The relationship between C. minus and railroads is described and phenological data on flowering and fruiting are presented. The combination of an effective dispersal mechanism and the rapid onset of reproductive maturity contributes to the species' adaptive success.

A Taxonomic Study of Esox americanus and Its Subspecies in Eastern North America

Copeia ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 1966 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Crossman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Taxonomic Study

A taxonomic study of the genusHaemogamasusin North America, with descriptions of two new species (Acari: Mesostigmata, Laelaptidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Williams ◽  
R. L. Smiley ◽  
B. C. Redington
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Two New Species

A review of the ecology and distribution of Protoribates (Oribatida, Oripodoidea, Haplozetidae) in Alberta, Canada, with the description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3620 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID EVANS WALTER ◽  
SARAH LATONAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
The North ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
A New Species

The oribatid mite genus Protoribates Berlese (Haplozetidae) is reviewed for North America and the genus diagnosis is revised to account for the North American species, Protoribates robustior (Jacot, 1937) is redescribed and newly reported from western North America and a new species from Alberta is described. Protoribates haughlandae sp. n. is bisexual, heterotridactylous, and lives primarily in the peat soils of fens and bogs. Protoribates robustior is all-female, monodactylous, and occurs primarily in dry forests or in dry, treeless sites dominated by grasses, sedges, and shrubs. Both species feed on fungal hyphae and spores, but P. haughlandae also is an opportunistic predator and/or necrophage of small arthropods and P. robustior gut contents often include material that resembles plant cell walls. Examination of type specimens confirms that Protoribates prionotus (Woolley, 1968) is a junior synonym of the widespread Protoribates lophotrichus (Berlese, 1904). A key to differentiate Lagenobates from Protoribates and to identify the 7 species of the latter that are known or reported from North America is provided.

scholarly journals Black Choke Disease Caused by an Ephelis sp. on Purple Fountain Grass in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
E. Lewis Roberts ◽  
J. F. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Choke Disease

Purple fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides) is indigenous to Asia, prized for its foxtail-like purple flowers, and widely used as an ornamental. During October 1999, black choke disease was found on P. alopecuroides cv. Hameln (L.) Spreng at a plant nursery in Maryland. Disease symptoms include mummification of inflorescences by black conidial stromata, distorted leaf tissue, and a dense layer of white epiphytic mycelium on the adaxial leaves and culms. Stromata were initially white but became black with age. Microscopic analysis of the isolated fungus indicated that the causal organism was an Ephelis sp., American Type Culture Collection No. MYA-3317. The ephelidial conidia developed in sporodochia on stromata and were hyaline, filiform to acicular, and 18 to 21 × 1 μm. Cultures on potato dextrose agar were off-white and 50 mm in diameter after 14 days at 23°C. Analysis of herbarium specimens of several Balansia spp. revealed that the Ephelis sp. isolate bears morphological resemblance to Asian and not American Balansieae. In fact, the infection observed on Pennisetum sp. forms similarly to Ephelis sp. infection on Oryza sativa L. (Asian) that also results in development of stromata on panicles and a mycelial network enclosing the panicles, preventing maturation and expansion. On both plants, the infected inflorescence becomes black with age and appears mummified as pseudosclerotia form. Furthermore, flag leaves and tillers of both plants appear slightly distorted and silver due to the epibiotic mycelia. The causal agent of black choke disease on rice is Ephelis oryzae Syd. (teleomorph = Balansia oryzae-sativae Hashioka). The mature stroma of E. oryzae forms on the inflorescence and is embedded with a layer of ovate perithecia. Immature stromata bear conidiomata that are cupulate to cushion shaped and black, producing hyaline, branched conidiophores that terminate in phialides. Conidia are ephelidial, filiform to acicular, hyaline, and 18 to 22 × 1.5 μm (2). To determine the phylogenetic relationship between other balansioid fungi and the Ephelis sp. isolate, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region was amplified with primers ITS4 and ITS5 (3). Maximum parsimony analysis of the ITS1 sequences showed that the Ephelis sp. infecting P. alopecuroides cv. Hameln grouped (100% bootstrap support) in a clade with Ephelis oryzae, Balansia sclerotica, Balansia andropogonis, and Balansia sp.; all endemic to Asia and tightly groups with the Asian rice pathogen Ephelis oryzae (100% bootstrap support). Further phylogenetic analysis using topological constraints indicated that Ephelis sp. is not appropriately grouped with American balansioid species. Since P. alopecuroides is often imported to North America from Asia (1), it is likely that Ephelis sp. on P. alopecuroides is endemic to Asia and perhaps was transported along with its host to North America. The disease ontogeny, morphology, and sequence similarities between the Ephelis sp. isolated from Pennisetum sp. and E. oryzae suggests that these fungi are evolutionarily close, sibling species, or conspecific. To our knowledge, this is the first report of choke disease on P. alopecuroides in the United States. References: (1) A. S. Hitchcock. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. A. Chase, ed. U.S. Government Print Office, Washington DC, 1951 (2) F. N. Lee and P. S. Gunnell. Udbatta. Page 29 in: Compendium of Rice Diseases. R. K. Webster and P. S. Gunnell, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul. MN, 1992. (3) J. F. White Jr. et al. Mycologia 89:408, 1997.

A Taxonomic Study of Campylopus schimperi and C. subulatus (Bryopsida: Dicranaceae in North America

Brittonia ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Frahm ◽  
Dale H. Vitt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Taxonomic Study
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