THE ORIGIN OF A NEW PHYSIOLOGIC RACE OF CROWN RUST VIRULENT ON THE OAT VARIETIES VICTORIA AND SAIA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1613-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Physiologic Race ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
New Race

A new physiologic race of crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., was isolated from oats collected in four Canadian provinces in 1962. This race, 332, is one of the first reported that is capable of attacking both the differential oat varieties Victoria and Saia. A close relationship exists between race 332 and race 216, which suggests that the former may have arisen from the latter by mutation. The evolution of this new race has occurred in the absence of any known Saia type resistance in current commercial varieties, and its survival points up the operation of selective forces other than host resistance on the racial composition of the pathogenic population.

scholarly journals Detached-Leaf Method for Propagating Puccinia coronata and Assessing Crown Rust Resistance in Oat

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1400-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Jackson ◽  
D. E. Obert ◽  
J. Chong ◽  
J. B. Avant ◽  
J. M. Bonman
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Linear Sections ◽  
Sterile Plastic ◽  
Whole Plants

The crown rust pathogen Puccinia coronata is an obligate biotroph with wind-disseminated propagules and numerous races. These characteristics make propagation of single-race cultures difficult. Genetic studies using single races in field and greenhouse environments are also problematic because pure cultures can easily become contaminated. In this study, we developed an isolated propagation system for P. coronata and tested its ability to assess host resistance. Oat (Avena sativa) leaf sections (10 cm each) were harvested, disinfested, and suspended in sterile plastic boxes by enclosing 3.5-cm linear sections of each leaf end between 4% agar blocks amended with various chemical constituents. The exposed sections (approximately 3 cm) were inoculated with P. coronata urediniospores suspended in water. Boxes were sealed and incubated in a lighted growth cabinet until the pathogen sporulated. Viable spores were produced on leaves in all treatments, whereas 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin treatments sustained the leaves longer and yielded the most viable spores. Based on these data, the BAP treatment was adopted and used for additional studies. Detached leaves of differential oat cultivars produced the same reactions as whole plants screened under standard conditions in a growth chamber. The proposed detached-leaf system should be useful for the propagation of numerous single-race cultures of P. coronata as well as evaluation of host resistance under highly controlled conditions.

Hypersensitive lignification response as the mechanism of non-host resistance of wheat against oat crown rust

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno M. Moerschbacher ◽  
Ulrike Noll ◽  
Carlos A. Ocampo ◽  
Berenike E. Flott ◽  
Uwe Gotthardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Oat Crown Rust

scholarly journals Virulence of Oat Crown Rust in Brazil and Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
J. A. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
South American ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Important Disease

Race-specific resistance to crown rust, the most important disease of oat (Avena sativa) in Bra-zil, often fails within a few years of use in Brazilian cultivars. Virulence of 144 isolates of Puccinia coronata from cultivated oat in Brazil in 1997 to 1999 and 36 isolates from Uruguay in 1994-95 and 1998 was tested on a set of 27 oat crown rust differentials lines, each with a different Pc gene for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and mean virulence complexity were compared among these five collections from Brazil and Uruguay as well as with mean virulence complexity for a collection of 17 isolates from cultivated oat in western Siberia in Russia. Virulence-avirulence for each of the 27 Pc genes was polymorphic in both Brazil and Uruguay. Virulence frequencies were similar for collections from Brazil in 1998 and 1999 and for the collection from Uruguay from 1998, but there were large differences between the 1997 collection and the 1998 and 1999 collections from Brazil. Mean virulence complexity in both Brazil and Uruguay was greater than reported in the United States and much greater than in the Russian collection of P. coronata. A large number of races of P. coronata were found, with no more than five isolates of any race found in a single year in Brazil or Uruguay. The high virulence complexity and great diversity of virulence polymorphisms in Brazil and Uruguay make it unlikely that race-specific resistance can be effective there even though the South American populations of P. coronata are apparently entirely asexual.

scholarly journals Incidence and Distribution of Puccinia coronata and P. graminis on Turfgrass in the Midwestern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-963
Author(s):  
Brijesh B. Karakkat ◽  
Vonte L. Jackson ◽  
Paul L. Koch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Relationship Of

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata) and stem rust (caused by P. graminis) are two common and destructive diseases of turfgrass in the United States. Crown rust has been associated with perennial ryegrass and stem rust with Kentucky bluegrass when identified based solely on fungal morphology. However, recent studies using molecular identification methods have indicated the host–pathogen relationship of rusts on turf to be more complex. Our primary objective was to quickly and accurately identify P. coronata and P. graminis in symptomatic turfgrass leaves over 3 years on turfgrass samples from across the Midwestern United States. Between 2013 and 2015, 413 samples of symptomatic cool-season turfgrass from Wisconsin and surrounding states were screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these samples, 396 were Kentucky bluegrass and 17% of them contained P. coronata, 69% contained P. graminis, and 13% contained both P. coronata and P. graminis. In addition, both year and location effects were observed on the distribution of Puccinia spp. collected annually from two locations in southern Wisconsin. This research supports previous conclusions that have identified variability among P. graminis and P. coronata host relationships on turfgrass, and further demonstrates that rust fungal populations on Kentucky bluegrass may not be consistent between locations in the same year or over multiple years at the same location. The increasing evidence of variation in the turfgrass rust populations will likely affect future rust management and turfgrass breeding efforts.

scholarly journals CROWN RUST ON PERENNIAL RYEGRASS IN FIELD TRIALS

1989 ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
H.S. Easton ◽  
B.M. Cooper ◽  
T.J. Frasers ◽  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rust Infection

Crown rust infection of 11 perennial ryegrass cultivars vaned significantly and consistently over 6 sites. 'Grasslands Ariki,' the new cultivar 'Yatsyn' and Grasslands selections G26 and G33 were less infected than 'Grasslands Nui', 'Ellett' or 'Grasslands Ruanui'. 'Droughtmaster' and 'Marathon' proved more susceptible than most. Keywords: Crown rust, Puccinia coronata. perenmal ryegrass

Genetic Diversity in Australasian Populations of the Crown Rust Pathogen of Ryegrasses (Puccinia coronata f.sp. lolii)

2009 ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dracatos ◽  
Jeremy Dumsday ◽  
Alan Stewart ◽  
Mark Dobrowolski ◽  
Noel Cogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rust Pathogen

Genetic Diversity in Australasian Populations of the Crown Rust Pathogen of Ryegrasses (Puccinia coronata f.sp. lolii)

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peter Dracatos ◽  
Jeremy Dumsday ◽  
Alan Stewart ◽  
Mark Dobrowolski ◽  
Noel Cogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rust Pathogen

Assessment of virulence patterns in crown rust populations

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Race Identification

Two methods of determining the virulence pattern of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, populations collected in 1965, 1966, and 1967, in Eastern and Western Canada were compared. The results with a single-pustule isolate from each of 50 field collections were as accurate as those obtained with two single-pustule isolates from 100 or more field collections. The continued use of Bond and Ukraine as differential host varieties is of little value except for purposes of race identification, because they are attacked by most of the isolates.

The inheritance of resistance to Puccinia coronata and of floret characters in Avena sterilis

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. L. Wong ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
D. E. Harder ◽  
J. W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to Puccinia coronata, awn development, lemma pubescence, and lemma color were studied in the Avena sterilis accessions CAV 4248, CAV 4656, and CAV 4904. Three independent, partially dominant genes (Pc-64, Pc-65, Pc-66) in CAV 4248, one partially dominant gene (Pc-67) in CAV 4656, and a dominant gene (Pc-68) in CAV 4904 were identified which conferred resistance to P. coronata. Genes Pc-64, Pc-65, Pc-66, Pc-67, and Pc-68 conferred resistance to 13, 8, 6, 12, and 14 races, respectively, of the 14 races of P. coronata tested. Gene Pc-68 conferred resistance to all field isolates of P. coronata collected in Canada in 1981 and was found to be closely linked or allelic to gene Pc-46. Awns and lemma pubescence were inherited monogenically in crosses with all three CAV accessions. Grey lemma color was controlled by one gene in CAV 4248 and by two genes in CAV 4656. Brown lemma color was controlled by one gene, which was closely linked or pleiotropic with the gene for lemma pubescence in CAV 4904. There was no association between crown rust resistance and the three floret characters studied.

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