Interrelationships of Ledum species and their rust parasites in Western Canada and Alaska

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. O. Savile
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Banff National Park ◽  
As Species ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
Sympatric Zone

Ledum glandulosum extends northward from Western United States into southern British Columbia in and east of the Cascade Range and into extreme SE British Columbia and SW Alberta in the Rocky Mts. Further north, within the range of L. groenlandicum but beyond that of L. glandulosum, hybrids between the two species occur, notably in and near Banff National Park, indicating that L. glandulosum formerly extended further north. The hybrids form an irregular swarm among typical L. groenlandicum rather than a cline; for this reason, and because of numerous morphological and other distinctions, the taxa are maintained as species. L. groenlandicum and L. palustre ssp. decumbens overlap in Alaska, Yukon, and Mackenzie in a belt up to 700 miles wide. Six definite hybrids were detected out of ca. 300 specimens from the sympatric zone, and ca. 30 specimens showed signs of probable minor introgression. The marked sympatry with minimal hybridization makes it necessary to maintain L. groenlandicum at specific rank. A rust, Chrysomyxa ledicola, that freely attacks L. palustre ssp. decumbens and L. groenlandicum does not infect L. glandulosum, but it attacks the hybrids in the Banff region except those closely approaching L. glandulosum. Another rust, C. ledi, has developed morphologically distinct varieties each specialized to a single Ledum. In the Banff region hybrids have been found between C. ledi var. glandulosi and C. l. var. groenlandici on L. glandulosum × groenlandicum. C. ledi var. ledi, on L. palustre (including ssp. decumbens) is morphologically distinct from C. ledi var. groenlandici, further emphasizing the sharp distinctness of L. groenlandicum from L. palustre ssp. decumbens.

scholarly journals A new occurrence of Archaeoscyphia pulchra (Bassler) from the Ordovician of western Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1065-1069
Author(s):  
J Keith Rigby ◽  
Godfrey S Nowlan ◽  
Peter A Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Western United States ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
First Report ◽  
Lower Ordovician

A few specimens of the ornate anthaspidellid demosponge, Archaeoscyphia pulchra (Bassler), have been collected from the Lower Ordovician Outram Formation or Skoki Formation, from a saddle at the head of South Rice Brook in northeastern British Columbia. This is the first report of the flanged-appearing annulate, steeply obconical sponge in western Canada, although it has been reported from the Mingan Islands of Quebec and was initially described from Nevada, in the western United States. The taxon has also been reported as other species of Archaeoscyphia from Ordovician rocks of Missouri and from the San Juan region of Argentina.

Reproductive success of Great Blue Herons in British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Scott Forbes ◽  
Keith Simpson ◽  
John P. Kelsall ◽  
Donald R. Flook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Ardea Herodias ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Variability

Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) in 14 colonies in southwestern British Columbia fledged a mean of 2.5 young per successful nest between 1977 and 1981; annual values varied by 12% around the 5-year mean, being highest in a dry spring and lowest in a wet spring. Herons in large colonies in British Columbia reared more young with lower variability in reproductive success than herons in small colonies, but not significantly so (p > 0.10). When data for all Canadian heronries were analyzed, the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Herons in western Canada reared more young than herons in the western United States (p < 0.025). Mortality in herons in western Canada was also higher than in herons in the western United States (p < 0.005).

scholarly journals A review of dinosaurian body fossils from British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain J Reid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Since the 1900s, dinosaur fossils have been discovered from Jurassic to Cretaceous age strata, from all across the prairie provinces of Canada and the Western United States, yet little material is known from the outer provinces and territories. In British Columbia, fossils have long been uncovered from the prevalent mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale, but few deposits date from the Mesozoic, and few of these are dinosaurian. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of dinosaurian body fossils in British Columbia. The following dinosaurian groups are represented: coelurosaurians, thescelosaurids, iguanodontians, ankylosaurs and hadrosaurs.

Degrees of Intimacy

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ehrenfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Horseback Riding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Garibaldi Provincial Park ◽  
Walking Stick ◽  
Provincial Park

When we arrived in Vancouver at the start of our vacation, the tabloid headline at the newspaper stand caught our attention. “World’s Bravest Mom,” it shrieked. We stopped to read. The story was simple; it needed no journalistic embellishment. Dusk, August 19, 1996. Mrs. Cindy Parolin is horseback riding with her four children in Tulameen, in southern British Columbia’s Okanagan region. Without warning, a cougar springs out of the vegetation, hurtling at the neck of one of the horses. In the confusion, Steven Parolin, age six, falls off his horse and is seized by the cougar. Mrs. Parolin, armed only with a riding crop, jumps off her horse and challenges the cougar, which drops the bleeding child and springs at her. Ordering her other children to take their wounded brother and go for help, Mrs. Parolin confronts the cougar alone. By the time rescuers reach her an hour later, she is dying. The cat, shot soon afterward, was a small one, little more than sixty pounds. Adult male cougars can weigh as much as 200 pounds, we learn the next day from the BC Environment’s pamphlet entitled “Safety Guide to Cougars.” We are on our way to Garibaldi Provincial Park, where we plan to do some hiking, and have stopped in the park head-quarters for information. “Most British Columbians live all their lives without a glimpse of a cougar, much less a confrontation with one,” says the pamphlet, noting that five people have been killed by cougars in British Columbia in the past hundred years. (Actually, the number is now higher; cougar attacks have become increasingly common in the western United States and Canada in recent years.) “Seeing a cougar should be an exciting and rewarding experience, with both you and the cougar coming away unharmed.”However, the pamphlet notes, cougars seem to be attracted to children as prey, possibly because of “their high-pitched voices, small size, and erratic movements.” When hiking, “make enough noise to prevent surprising a cougar . . . carry a sturdy walking stick to be used as a weapon if necessary,” and “keep children close-at-hand and under control.”

The Biology of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
K. George Beck ◽  
Robert H. Callihan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Perennial Grassland

Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE), also known as cheatgrass, downy chess, broncograss, Mormon oats, and junegrass, was introduced into the United States from Europe, apparently during the middle of the nineteenth century (11, 21). According to Mack (23), downy brome entered British Columbia, Washington, and Utah around 1890; and by 1928 it had reached its present range, occupying much of the perennial grassland in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and British Columbia. Today, downy brome is a widespread weed throughout most of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, except for the southeastern United States (5, 17). Some consider downy brome to be an important forage because it provides most of the early spring grazing for livestock in western United States rangeland (21). However, it is also considered a troublesome weed in rangeland (31), winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) (27), several other crops (29), and noncropland (32).

New Nanaimo Group ammonites (Cretaceous, Santonian–Campanian) from British Columbia and Washington State

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Haggart ◽  
Peter D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North Pacific Region ◽  
The North Pacific

The ammonite species Puzosia (Mesopuzosia) densicostata Matsumoto, Kitchinites (Neopuzosia) japonicus Spath, Anapachydiscus cf. A. nelchinensis Jones, Menuites cf. M. menu (Forbes), Submortoniceras chicoense (Trask), and Baculites cf. B. boulei Collignon are described from Santonian–Campanian strata of western Canada and northwestern United States. Stratigraphic occurrences and ranges of the species are summarized and those taxa important for correlation with other areas in the north Pacific region are noted.

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