Effect of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and rust-resistance breeding on genetic variation in western white pine (Pinus monticola)

2003 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-S. Kim ◽  
S.J. Brunsfeld ◽  
G.I. McDonald ◽  
N.B. Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Early Comparison of an Idaho and a Coastal Source of Western White Pine on Vancouver Island

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bower
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Abstract Height and survival of 11-yr-old F2 blister-rust resistant western white pine (Pinus monticola) from Idaho was compared with a locally collected seedlot from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. There were no differences in total height or survival between the two sources. Blister-rust infection of both sources was minimal. This suggests that material from Idaho could be used as an immediate source of resistant planting stock for coastal B.C., until a blister-rust resistance breeding program is producing adequate quantities of seed in B.C. West. J. App. For. 2:20-21, Jan. 1987.

scholarly journals White Pine Blister Rust in British Columbia II. Can Stands be Hazard Rated?

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Hazard Rating

Twelve to 30-year-old western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) in 23 stands in British Columbia were surveyed for blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. ex Rab.) cankers. Canker length, mid-point diameter, and height above ground were measured. The number of cankers per tree tended to increase with tree diameter, was variable within stands, and on 15 to 20 cm diameter trees ranged from a mean of one to 14 per stand and the overall mean was four cankers per tree. Large branches bore longer cankers and tended to be higher in the tree than small branches which bore short cankers. Incidence of cankers above 2.5 m tended to increase with increasing slope and they were on the side of the tree subject to evening breezes. Based on Idaho standards all sites in British Columbia were rated as low hazard, but trees growing on slopes had a higher risk than those on flat sites.Key words:Cronartium, Pinus monticola, hazard rating

scholarly journals White Pine Blister Rust in British Columbia III. Effects on the Gene Pool of Western White Pine

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt ◽  
J. F. Manville ◽  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
M. S. Lapp
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Western White Pine

Cluster analyses of relative terpene abundance in foliage of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) trees from throughout the Pacific Northwest geographic range of the species were produced. Terpene patterns were randomly distributed among populations; no geographic or site trends were evident. Although blister rust is devastating to stands, the gene pool is widely distributed and may well be preserved without establishing gene banks.About 40-50 trees selected at random would yield offspring with nearly all possible terpene patterns characteristic of the species and would thus constitute a broad genetic base. Therefore seed orchards do not necessarily need to be composed of many individuals, rather, they should contain highly selected individuals with multiple desirable traits including multiple blister rust resistance mechanisms. Key words: terpenes, dendrogram

Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola: reduced needle-spot frequency

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hoff ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Low frequency of needle spots caused by the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) appears to be an expression of a horizontal resistance factor in secondary needles. Heritability averaged 37% for two sets of a 4 tester × 10 candidate mating system. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to developing varieties of western white pine resistant to blister rust.

A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul KM Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Joanne J Davidson ◽  
Doug W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stem Cankers

A 19-kDa protein, Pin m III, was recently shown to be associated with overwintering and frost hardiness of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings. Here, we report that this protein is up-regulated by the fungus Cronartium ribicola Fisch, the causal agent of white pine blister rust in western white pine trees. Between 1991 and 1994, bark samples of mature western white pine trees (resistant with no stem cankers and susceptible with stem cankers) were collected in winter, spring, and fall. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western immunoblot utilizing specific rabbit polyclonal anti-Pin l I (a homologue of Pin m III) antibodies. During all collection dates, but particularly in the spring, susceptible trees had more Pin m III than resistant trees. In July 1995, 43 previously inoculated 7-year-old white pine seedlings were also analyzed. In all susceptible seedlings (cankered) tested, cankered tissue had high levels of Pin m III, and samples collected from the outside edge of the canker margin had low levels of Pin m III; this protein was also detected in some healthy bark of cankered trees. Since the level of Pin m III in healthy white pine trees is normally lowest in summer months, the high level Pin m III in summer samples of infected tissues is a consequence of the fungal infection.

scholarly journals Canadian Breeding Program for White Pine Blister Resistance in Black Currants

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Luffman
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Made In

The search for appropriate white pine blister rust (WPBR) (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer) resistant germplasm to use in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) breeding programs began in 1935 in Ottawa. Crosses were made in 1938 and 1939 with three different Ribes L. species and two standard black currant cultivars. The resulting seedlings from these crosses were evaluated for rust resistance. Three promising selections resulted from this program and were named `Coronet', `Crusader' and `Consort'.

scholarly journals Origin and Distribution of Cr2, a Gene for Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust in Natural Populations of Western White Pine

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohun B. Kinloch ◽  
Richard A. Sniezko ◽  
Gayle E. Dupper
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Western White Pine

The distribution and frequency of the Cr2 gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) in western white pine (Pinus monticola) was surveyed in natural populations of the host by inoculation of open-pollinated seedlings from 687 individual seed parents from throughout most of the species' range. Because Cr2 is dominant and results in a conspicuous hypersensitive reaction (HR) in pine needles, the phenotype can readily be detected in offspring of susceptible seed parents fertilized by unknown Cr2 donors in the ambient pollen cloud. Gametic frequencies of Cr2 were thus determined as the proportion of total challenged seedlings that were pollen receptors exhibiting the Cr2 phenotype. Zygotic frequencies, the proportion of seed parents with progeny that segregated in Mendelian ratios for the Cr2 phenotype to the total number of parents, were a complementary, though less precise, measure. Cr2 frequency was rare overall, ranging from 0.004 to 0.008 in the Sierra Nevada to about 0.001 in the central Cascade Range; it was undetectable further north in the Cascades, as well as in the Rocky Mountains and Coast Mountains of the United States and Canada. The diminishing frequency of Cr2 from the southern and central Sierra Nevada northward mirrors that of Cr1 in sugar pine (P. lambertiana) and points to this region as the origin of both genes. We rationalize that this coincidence may have resulted from protection that these genes may have conferred on both species to an endemic pine stem rust congeneric with C. ribicola (C. occidentale) in recent geologic epochs.

scholarly journals Long Infection Period for White Pine Blister Rust in Coastal British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Hunt ◽  
G.D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Time Of Year

For the white pine blister rust disease (WPBR), reports conflict concerning the time of year the pathogen, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., infects western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don) and what needle age increments are most susceptible. To determine timing of infection, western white pine seedling were placed under infected currants (Ribes nigrum L.) for 1-week periods from May to November. Needles became spotted and stems cankered after exposure to diseased currants from early summer until leaf drop in November. To determine what foliage age increment was most susceptible, 5-year-old seedlings were placed in a disease garden, and older trees were inoculated in situ. All age increments of pine foliage were susceptible to infection. For young seedlings, all age increments were about equally susceptible, but on some older seedlings and trees, the current year's foliage appeared more resistant than older foliage.

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