In vivo verification of Cronartium ribicola propagated on tissue cultures of Pinus monticola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Host Tissues

Inoculations of western white pine seedling stems with rust-infected tissue cultures produced one successful rust infection after 5 months. The infection was typical of this rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) and the presence of haustoria was confirmed. Infected cortex tissue from this seedling was used to reestablish the isolate on host tissues grown in vitro.

Growth of Cronartium ribicola in the absence of physical contact with its host

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Host Tissue ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Healthy Host

Rust mycelia from tissue cultures infected with Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. were grown on cellophane membranes in the absence of physical contact with host tissue. These membranes were in contact with agar media containing imbedded, actively growing western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) tissue cultures. Identities of these cultures were verified by reestablishing infections in healthy host tissue cultures.

Inoculation of western white pine tissue cultures with basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Direct Inoculation

Rust infections were established in healthy, undifferentiated tissue cultures of Pinus monticola Dougl. by direct inoculation with germinating basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. Infections were verified by confirming the presence of typical rust haustoria and extensive intracellular ramification by the mononucleate rust mycelium.

The relative susceptibility of needle- and stem-derived white pine tissue cultures to artificial inoculation with mycelium of Cronartium ribicola

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Tissue cultures of Pinus monticola Dougl. derived from stem cortex and leaf tissues were found susceptible to artificial inoculations with mycelium from the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola Fisch. ex Rabenh.). Tissue cultures from leaf mesophyll grew slower and were colonized more rapidly by this fungus than those derived from stem cortex.

Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola: reduced needle-spot frequency

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hoff ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Low frequency of needle spots caused by the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) appears to be an expression of a horizontal resistance factor in secondary needles. Heritability averaged 37% for two sets of a 4 tester × 10 candidate mating system. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to developing varieties of western white pine resistant to blister rust.

Inhibitory compounds of Pinus monticola resistant and susceptible to Cronartium ribicola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
High Level

In a study of the effects of preformed inhibitory compounds in resistant and susceptible western white pine (Pinus monticola Dough), ether fractions from 6 of 16 resistant trees substantially reduced germination of basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. as compared to the percentage of germination observed in paired susceptible trees. The foliage of western white pine was found to contain a high level of other inhibitory compounds as well. The implications of these and other findings concerning toxic compounds are discussed.

Antifungal activity of a Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP1) and its accumulation in western white pine infected with Cronartium ribicola

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Zamany ◽  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Abul Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Richard Sniezko
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Western White Pine

Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP1) was expressed and purified from bacterial cell lysate and its identity and purity confirmed by Western blot analysis using the Pm-AMP1 antibody. Application of Pm-AMP1 resulted in visible hyphal growth inhibition of Cronartium ribicola , Phellinus sulphurascens , Ophiostoma montium , and Ophiostoma clavigerum 3–12 days post-treatment. Pm-AMP1 also inhibited spore germination of several other phytopathogenic fungi by 32%–84% 5 days post-treatment. Microscopic examination of C. ribicola hyphae in contact with Pm-AMP1 showed distinct morphological changes. Seven western white pine ( Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) families (Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10) showing partial resistance to C. ribicola in the form of bark reaction (BR) were assessed by Western immunoblot for associations between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and family, phenotype, canker number, and virulence of C. ribicola. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean Pm-AMP1 protein accumulation between families, with higher levels detected in the full-sib BR families (Nos. 1, 2, 5) than the half-sib BR families (Nos. 6, 7). Family 8, previously described as a Mechanism ‘X’ BR family, had the highest number of BR seedlings and displayed high Pm-AMP1 levels, whereas the susceptible family (No. 10) showed the lowest levels (p < 0.05). Family 1 showed a significant association between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and overall seedling health (p < 0.01, R = 0.533), with higher protein levels observed in healthy versus severely infected seedlings. In general, low Pm-AMP1 levels were observed with an increase in the number of cankers per seedling (p < 0.05), and seedlings inoculated with the avirulent source of C. ribicola showed significantly higher Pm-AMP1 levels (p < 0.05) in the majority of BR families. Cis-acting regulatory elements, such as CCAAT binding factors, and an AG-motif binding protein were identified in the Pm-AMP1 promoter region. Multiple polymorphic sites were identified within the 5′ untranslated region and promoter regions. Our results suggest that Pm-AMP1 is involved in the western white pine defense response to fungal infection, as observed by its antifungal activity on C. ribicola and a range of phytopathogens as well as through its association with different indicators of resistance to C. ribicola.

TISSUE CULTURE OF PINUS MONTICOLA ON A CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic ◽  
Western White Pine

Procedures for obtaining and maintaining axenic tissue cultures of Pinus monticola are described. Western white pine tissue was cultured on a chemically defined medium containing calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate (monobasic), ammonium sulfate, ferric sulfate, manganese sulfate, glucose, and one of three auxins, IAA, NAA, or 2,4-D. Addition of several B vitamins, amino acids, and kinetin increased growth on these media but were not required.

Evaluation of somatic embryogenesis for clonal propagation of western white pine

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Percy ◽  
K Klimaszewska ◽  
D R Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Embryogenic Lines

A multiyear program was undertaken to develop a somatic embryogenesis system for clonal propagation of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.). Developing seeds were used to initiate embryogenic lines from families used in blister-rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) resistance breeding programs in British Columbia. The most responsive seeds contained zygotic embryos ranging in development from late cleavage polyembryony to the early dominance stage. Overall, 14 of 15 open-pollinated families produced embryogenic lines. The best results (0.8-6.7% initiation) were obtained using modified Litvay medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 2.25 µM. Proliferation of embryogenic tissue was enhanced by culturing tissue as a thin layer on filter paper supports. Approximately 300 lines representing 18 open- and control-pollinated families were cryopreserved. The highest number of mature somatic embryos was obtained on maturation medium containing 120 µM abscisic acid, 180 mM sucrose, and 1.0% gellan gum. Of 61 lines tested on this medium, 77% produced mature somatic embryos. In vitro germination and early growth occurred at a high frequency (90-95%), and plants from 45 genotypes were subsequently transferred to a greenhouse.

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