Host range of the smut species Ustilago nuda and Ustilago tritici in the tribe Triticeae

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Loose Smut ◽  
New Host ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Aegilops Caudata ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Agropyron Caninum ◽  
Tribe Triticeae

Thirty-seven species of the genera Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Eremopyrum, Haynaldia, Hordeum, Secale, and Taeniatherum in the tribe Triticeae and six species of the genus Lolium in the tribe Festuceae were tested for their reaction to loose smut of barley, Ustilago nuda, and loose smut of wheat, U. tritici. One new host for U. nuda was found: Hordeum violaceum. Fifteen new hosts for U. tritici were found: Aegilops caudata, Ae. ovata, Ae. triuncialis, Agropyron caninum. A. fibrosum, A. scabrifolium, Elymus canadensis, E. dahuricus, E. virginicus. Haynaldia villosa, Hordeum brachyantherum, H. jubatum, H. marinum, Secale silvestre, and Taeniathernm crinitum. Six new hosts for both U. nuda and U. tritici were found and they are the first known common hosts for these fungi: Agropyron scabriglume. A. striatum, A. tsukushiense var. transiens, Hordeum bogdanii, H. brevisubulatum, and H. compressum. On all these hosts, the sori of U. nuda were covered by a thin membrane or peridium whereas the sori of U. tritici were naked. Spores formed on all hosts germinated in the manner typical for the species used for inoculation. The wild barley common in Canada. Hordeum jubatum, differentiated between races of loose smut of wheat, U. tritici. Six species of Lolium were resistant to U. nuda and U. tritici.

scholarly journals Plant Extracts Inducing Enzyme Activity in Grains Against Loose Smut Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
B. Karsou ◽  
R. Samara
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Ustilago Nuda

Abstract This study investigated the role of endogenous Palestinian plant extracts in inducing wheat and barley resistance systems against loose smut disease with the aim to alternate the chemical pest control with natural fungicides. Twenty indigenous herbal plant extracts and essential oils were assessed for their biological and antifungal properties against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Their potential role in inducing resistance pathways was studied on four different cultivars of wheat and barley. Two common enzyme indicators – guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) – are expressed in plants only after physical or chemical induction. The antifungal activity of the plant extracts was investigated in vitro. Totally 70 % of the plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Coridothyme extracts ranked first (61 %) in the fungal growth inhibition, followed by varthemia, salvia, ambrosia, artemisia, and lemon thyme. Some plant extracts significantly increased the POX and PPO effect compared to control for all the wheat and barley cultivars tested. The study revealed that oregano, clove or lavender and pomegranate, common yarrow or chamomile oil effectively induced the resistance indicator enzymes in wheat and barley.

Reaction of Hordeum species to the smut fungi Ustilago nuda and U. tritici

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2024-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Eleven Species

Eleven species of Hordeum were tested for their reaction to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. and U. tritici (Pers.) Rostr., the causes of the embryo-infecting loose smuts of cultivated barley and wheat, respectively. The species Hordeum chilense and H. depressum were resistant, while H. euclaston, H. halophilum, H. procerum, H. pusillum, and H. stenostachys were susceptible to both fungi. Hordeum muticum was susceptible only to U. nuda, while H. arizonicum, H. lechleri, and H. roshevitzii were susceptible only to U. tritici. The susceptible species are new hosts for these pathogens. It is proposed that these results, together with those of an earlier study, indicate that U. nuda evolved from U. tritici.

Infection of Wheat by Loose Smut, Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 175 (4454) ◽  
pp. 467-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. V. BATTS
Keyword(s):  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici

scholarly journals Report on two species of Digenea from marine fishes in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. M. FERNANDES ◽  
R. M. PINTO ◽  
S. C. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
First Time

Two species of Digenea were recorded for the first time in South America and in new hosts: Acanthostomum spiniceps (Looss, 1896) (Cryptogonimidae) was reported from Astroscopus sexspinosus (Steindachner, 1877) (Uranoscopidae) and Diplomonorchis sphaerovarium Nahhas & Cable, 1964 (Monorchiidae) from Ophichthus gomesi (Castelnau, 1855) (Ophichthidae). From the latter, Heliconema heliconema Travassos, 1919 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae), was also recovered representing also a new host for this nematode species.

Amblyomma tick species infesting amphibians and reptiles in the seasonally dry Amazon forest, with new host records for Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Hiroiuki Oda ◽  
Clóvis Kitagawa ◽  
Janaina Da Costa Noronha ◽  
Domingos De Jesus Rodrigues ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
New Host Records

Our study yielded a list of ticks found on amphibians and reptiles at five sites within seasonally dry Amazon forest in Mato Grosso State, central Brazil, in addition to new host records for A. rotundatum. We collected 431 tick specimens: 79 larvae, 115 nymphs, 38 females, and 199 males belonging to A. humerale, A. rotundatum, and Amblyomma sp., on 39 anurans and 21 reptiles. The toads R. guttatus and R. margaritifera and the frog L. pentadactylus are new hosts for A. rotundatum.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KERNEL LOCATION, KERNEL SIZE AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Demirlicakmak ◽  
M. L. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
The Relationship

The association between the incidence of loose smut (Ustilago nuda) and kernel location in 6-rowed barley was studied. With artificial inoculation, kernels from the upper portion of the spike yielded the highest incidence of loose smut. Central and lateral kernels yielded similar numbers of smutted plants.With naturally infected seeds, lateral kernels produced more smutted plants than central ones. The percentage of infected seeds from the upper, middle, and lower portions of the spike varied from sample to sample.Within individual samples of nine 6-rowed varieties of barley small seeds generally produced more infected plants than large or medium-sized seeds. Since lateral kernels are normally smaller than central kernels, these results supported previous findings that the former are more subject to loose smut infection than the latter.

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