THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KERNEL LOCATION, KERNEL SIZE AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Demirlicakmak ◽  
M. L. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
The Relationship

The association between the incidence of loose smut (Ustilago nuda) and kernel location in 6-rowed barley was studied. With artificial inoculation, kernels from the upper portion of the spike yielded the highest incidence of loose smut. Central and lateral kernels yielded similar numbers of smutted plants.With naturally infected seeds, lateral kernels produced more smutted plants than central ones. The percentage of infected seeds from the upper, middle, and lower portions of the spike varied from sample to sample.Within individual samples of nine 6-rowed varieties of barley small seeds generally produced more infected plants than large or medium-sized seeds. Since lateral kernels are normally smaller than central kernels, these results supported previous findings that the former are more subject to loose smut infection than the latter.

IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE GENES IN BARLEY BY REACTIONS TO USTILAGO NUDA

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Moseman ◽  
D. R. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Smut Fungus ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Similar Gene

The reactions of 18 cultivars and selections of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., to inoculations with three cultures of the loose smut fungus, Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr., were determined. The following conclusions were derived by analyzing the reactions of cultivars Jet (CI 967) and Milton (CI 4966) and derivatives from them to inoculations with cultures 244 of race 2, 49-70 of race 2, and 10 of race 1. Jet was shown to have two genes, Un3 and Un6, and Milton, one gene, Un8. Derivatives from Jet with only gene Un6 were distinguished from those with genes Un3 and Un6. Five host selections known to have a gene or genes at the same locus as Jet were shown to have gene Un6 or a similar gene at that locus.

THE INFLUENCE OF AGING OF SEED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1741-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Close Correlation ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Growing Crop ◽  
Aged Seeds

For several years after their production, 15 stocks of barley seed, infected with Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr., produced approximately the same average percentage of smutted plants in growth tests as the average percentage of infected embryos found in the seed. As the seed became older, this was no longer true. Some samples produced less smut after six years, while others continued to produce similar amounts up to the ninth year, but eventually all samples produced decidedly lower percentages of smut. The average percentage of smutted plants in crops grown from these samples became less with each succeeding year after the sixth in nearly all instances. In the stocks of barley seed studied, the average amount of smut in the growing crop declined from about 14% initially to only 3.2% at the end of the 11-year period.The main reason for the decline in percentage infection was the successively larger proportions of infected seeds that failed to germinate as the seed became aged, as compared with the slower loss of viability in the healthy seeds. A close correlation was found between the length of time required for aged seeds to germinate and the percentage of such seeds carrying smut in their embryos.

Relationship between extract viscosity and kernel size in winter rye

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
G. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Kernel Width ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Rye (Secale cereale L.) grain with low extract viscosity (EV) and superior kernel characteristics is desired when used in diets of monogastric animals. Knowledge of the relationship between EV and kernel characteristics is needed to develop an efficient selection strategy for breeding cultivars that meet the two criteria. Grains of 11 open-pollinated population varieties/lines grown in 21 environments were studied to determine the relationship between EV and kernel weight (KWT) among genotypes and environmental effects. Grains of eight out of the eleven varieties/lines were screened into five kernel-size categories, <2.0, 2.0–2.4, 2.4–2.8, 2.8–3.2, >3.2 mm in kernel width, to determine the relationship between EV and kernel width within a genotype. EV was a linear function of KWT; high KWT is indicative of low EV. The degree of the relationship was affected by environment. For example, grains grown at Swift Current had a stronger relationship between EV and KWT than those from Lacombe (b = −1.67 vs. −0.31). For the grain from Swift Current, 60% of variability in EV was attributable to KWT, while for the grain from Lacombe only ≈ 20% of variability in EV was explainable by KWT. Among the various kernel-width categories within a genotype, 60 to 98% of variability in EV was attributable to kernel width, with some genotypes responding to a greater degree than others. In development of winter rye cultivars low in extract viscosity, breeders could combine kernel weight/width into the selection strategy to enhance the selection progress or use kernel weight/width as a reference in selection of extract viscosity trait. Key words: Pentosans, arabinoxylans, kernel weight, Secale cereale

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