Callus formation and shoot bud differentiation in anther culture of Solanum surattense

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2524-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sinha ◽  
R. P. Roy ◽  
K. K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In anther culture of Solatium surattense, the Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.2 mg/L), indoleacetic acid or naphthaleneacetic acid (1.9 mg/L), and kinetin (2.2 mg/L) served as “callus-producing medium.” Histological and cytological observations indicated that the callus originated from the pollen grains. Synergistic action of kinetin (5.0 mg/L) and coconut milk (15%) in basal medium was able to induce differentiation of shoot buds either from the anthers directly or from the callus. Directly differentiating buds were formed by whole shoot bud morphogenesis of pollen. They were produced at a low frequency and showed presence of well-developed radicular and plumular regions. But the buds originating from callus lacked radicular ends. Root initiation in such buds was achieved by transferring them to basal medium. Cytological examination of the androgenic plantlets revealed a chromosomal series ranging from the haploid to the hexaploid with a few aneuploids.

Embryo induction and plant regeneration of Callerya speciosa (Fabaceae) through anther culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilan Huang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kelie Li ◽  
Yunlu Fu ◽  
Zhiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Cultures

An in vitro protocol for Callerya speciosa (Champ.) Schot regeneration through embryogenesis was developed using the anthers as the explants. The late uninucleate stage of the microspore was optimal for the anther culture of C. speciosa. Embryonic callus was induced on a MS basal medium supplemented with 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 9.04 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Embryos were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BA and 0.5 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest percentage (16.7%) of embryos was achieved using the culture medium MS + 0.25 µM NAA + 1.1 µM BA. The highest percentage of embryos that developed into plants was 18.3%. However, haploid plants were not observed, which may have been due to the collection of the calli from the anther wall. The results presented here demonstrate the establishment of a highly efficient and rapid system for regenerating C. speciosa using anther cultures.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from leaf transverse thin cell layer derived-callus of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Huy ◽  
Bui Van The Vinh ◽  
Hoang Xuan Chien ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Transverse Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

No report on plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of P. vietnamensis has been previously published. In the present study, somatic embryogenesis via callus formation from cultures of leaf transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) was investigated. α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were added separately and in combination into the culture media. Explant necrosis or low callogenesis rates were observed when 1-mm wide leaf tTCLs were cultured on media with TDZ, BA, 2,4-D or NAA. On the other hand, calli were successfully induced from the tTCL explants cultured on medium supplemented with either 2,4-D and BA or 2,4-D and TDZ. Callogenesis was observed under both light and dark conditions. The highest callogenesis rate (100%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D in combination with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ in darkness after eight weeks of culture. White calli were cut into small pieces (1.0 x 1.0 cm dimension) and placed on MS media containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and TDZ at various concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.5 mg l-1), and the best callus proliferation was recorded on medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ. Somatic embryogenesis, with a success rate of 53.3% and 35 embryos per explant, was achieved when calli were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ.

The Effect of Auxins and Antiauxins on Shoot-Bud Induction and Morphology in the Moss, Bryum atrovirens Will ex Brid

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Chopra ◽  
BD Vashistha
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Do So

The protonema of the moss Bryum atrovirens remains bud-free under ordinary cultural conditions on Nitsch's basal medium. Exogenously applied auxins (Indole-3-acetic acid; 2-4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; α-naphthaleneacetic acid and β-naphthoxyacetic acid) induced buds on protonemata, whereas antiauxins (Maleic hydrazide and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) failed to do so. Morphology of the gametophores depended upon the concentration of auxin in the medium. In general, normal leafy gametophores resulted at lower concentrations, and at higher levels of auxins morphology was adversely affected. Simultaneous application of 6-benzylaminopurine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid advanced bud formation as well as increased bud number, but had no significant effect on the improvement of shoot morphology.

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

scholarly journals Shoot Generation and Callus Induction of Dioscorea hispida Dennst by Different Plant Growth Hormones and Basal Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Nor Hasima Mahmod ◽  
Zakiah Mustapha ◽  
Ahmad Hilman Ariffin Husni ◽  
Nurul Anisah Ishak ◽  
Hafsah Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Segments

Dioscorea hispida Dennst produces tuber which possess valuable medicinal properties but unsustainable harvesting has led to its reduction. The plant propagates slowly because of its low tuber sprouting rate. In average, Dioscorea hispida Dennst tubers took approximately 60 d to break dormancy and sprout. Hence, callus culture is proposed as a possible efficient type of culture for manipulation of this species.  In the present study, calli were induced from stem segments to evaluate callus culture potential of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Results indicate that the combination of 1 mgL-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mgL-1 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mgL-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) in Gamborg (B5) medium improved callus multiplication and differentiation in the stem culture as opposed to those in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The findings from the present study provide the basis of callus culture protocol for stem explant of Dioscorea hispida Dennst with B5 being the more effective basal medium.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Ornamental Cherry (Prunus) Taxa from Mature Stored Seed

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Hokanson ◽  
Margaret R. Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Regeneration In Vitro ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Callus formation and adventitious shoot regeneration in vitro from mature stored seed were evaluated in eight ornamental cherry (Prunus) taxa: P. campanulata Maxim., P. maackii Rupr., P. sargentii Rehd., P. serrula Franch., P. serrulata Lindl., P. subhirtella Miq., P. virginiana L., and P. yedoensis Matsum. Several portions of the embryo (cotyledons and hypocotyl sections) and nine combinations of growth regulators (BA, 2,4-D, IBA, NAA, and TDZ) were compared. Effects of embryo portions and growth regulator treatments were generally small within taxa, but shoot formation differed among taxa. About 20% to 50% of the embryos from P. virginiana and P. serrula and ≈5% to 30% of those from P. maackii produced shoots. The other taxa generally did not produce shoots. Regeneration from mature stored seed in the responsive taxa represents a potential system for genetic transformation. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron (TDZ).

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of Cleome rosea Vahl

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Simões ◽  
Norma Albarello ◽  
Cátia Henriques Callado ◽  
Tatiana Carvalho de Castro ◽  
Elisabeth Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation

This paper describes a protocol for the efficient vegetative propagation of Cleome rosea by somatic embryogenesis. Leaf and stem explants from nursery-grown seedlings of C. rosea were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Nodular calli were produced from both explant types in the presence of 4.5 and 9.0 µM 2,4-D. Embryo development and maturation were achieved when calli from stem explants were transferred to media containing a ten-fold reduction of 2,4-D concentration initially used (0.45 and 0.90 µM). Leaf-derived calli did not form embryos with the same treatments. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus formation (85%) and number of embryo per callus (13.45 ± 2.8) were achieved during the first subculture on medium supplemented with 0.90 µM 2,4-D. Embryo conversion into plantlets was achieved following transfer to growth regulator-free MS medium solidified with 2 g.L-1 phytagel. An acclimatization rate of 53% was found three months after transfer to ex vitro conditions and the recovered plants presented a normal phenotypic aspect.

scholarly journals Direct Shoot Regeneration from Vaccinium pahalae (Ohelo) and V. myrtillus (Bilberry) Leaf Explants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rida A. Shibli ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Direct Shoot Regeneration ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ohelo (V. pahalae Skottsb.) and bilberry (V. myrtillus L.) shoots were regenerated via direct organogenesis from whole leaves and leaf sections and also from hypocotyl explants of bilberry. Explants preincubated for 1 to 2 weeks in darkness yielded ≈75% regeneration frequencies and the highest number of regenerating shoots/explant on TDZ-supplemented media (0.9 to 2.7 μm). When 2iP or zeatin were substituted as the cytokinin source, frequencies of regeneration and shoot productivity were significantly lower. Explants held under constant illumination (no dark pretreatment) had significantly lower regeneration frequencies in all tested cytokinin-supplemented media. 2,4-D stimulated callus formation, but did not support regeneration from vegetative explants. Cells from callus and suspension cultures did not exhibit regeneration in any of the media that supported organogenesis from leaves. Regenerants were successfully micropropagated, although callus formation caused by zeatin and high 2iP levels interfered with shoot proliferation. Zeatin induced hyperhydricity in shoots from both species, but more severely in ohelo. Ex vitro rooting after treatment with 4.9 μm IBA or 5.4 μm NAA was 95% and 60% successful for bilberry and ohelo, respectively, and plants were readily acclimatized after an interval in a fog chamber. Bilberry microshoots also rooted in vitro in the absence of growth regulator treatment. Chemical names used: 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1-H-purine-6-amine (2iP); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron=1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazio-5-yl)urea (TDZ); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine (zeatin).

scholarly journals Optimization of Callogenesis/Caulogenesis Induction Protocol in Saffron Plant (Crocus sativus L.) Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4731-4746
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The Crocus sativus, an endangered medicinal and aromatic plant in Morocco, has a low propagation rate in natural conditions and, therefore, an efficient method for in vitro propagation is required. This study investigated the effects of various hormones on the induction of callogenesis and callogenesis in C. sativus corms using the Box-Behnken experimental design. The best shoot formation was obtained with Murashige and Skoog fortified with 3 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine. On the other hand, callus formation was obtained with 3 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid or 3 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid. However, a combination of 3 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine, 1.056 mg/L Indole Butyric Acid, and 3 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid allows 50% caulogenesis and 60% callogenesis. The in vitro regeneration system could be utilized for both conservation and largescale multiplication of Crocus sativus corms.

scholarly journals The Establishment of an Efficient Callus Induction System for Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Xianbao Deng ◽  
Yaqian Xiong ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Induction System ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is one of the most popular aquatic plants in Asia, and has emerged as a novel model for studying flower and rhizome development, and primary and secondary metabolite accumulation. Here, we developed a highly efficient callus induction system for the lotus by optimizing a series of key factors that affect callus formation. The highest efficient callus production was induced on immature cotyledon and embryo explants grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing an optimized combination of 3 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). In addition, lotus callus induction was proven to be influenced by lotus genotypes, light conditions, the developmental stages of explants and the time of explant sampling. Collecting immature cotyledons from seeds of the genotype “Shilihe 1”, at 9 days post pollination, and to culture the explants in darkness, are proposed as the optimum conditions for lotus callus induction. Interestingly, highly efficient callus induction was also observed in explants of immature embryo derived aseptic seedlings; and a small amount of lotus benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) and obvious expression of BIA biosynthetic genes were detected in lotus callus.

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