induction system
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PLoS Genetics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1010000
Author(s):  
Hajime Okada ◽  
Yumiko Saga

Organisms are inherently equipped with buffering systems against genetic perturbations. Genetic compensation, the compensatory response by upregulating another gene or genes, is one such buffering mechanism. Recently, a well-conserved compensatory mechanism was proposed: transcriptional adaptation of homologs under the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathways. However, this model cannot explain the onset of all compensatory events. We report a novel genetic compensation mechanism operating over the Mesp gene locus. Mesp1 and Mesp2 are paralogs located adjacently in the genome. Mesp2 loss is partially rescued by Mesp1 upregulation in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Using a cultured PSM induction system, we reproduced the compensatory response in vitro and found that the Mesp2-enhancer is required to promote Mesp1. We revealed that the Mesp2-enhancer directly interacts with the Mesp1 promoter, thereby upregulating Mesp1 expression upon the loss of Mesp2. Of note, this interaction is established by genomic arrangement upon PSM development independently of Mesp2 disruption. We propose that the repurposing of this established enhancer-promoter communication is the mechanism underlying this compensatory response for the upregulation of the adjacent gene.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2010-2018
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mutala Surazu

The study was conducted to investigate the perception of induction system on public basic schools in the West Mamprusi Municipal in the Northeast Region. The objectives of the study were to find out some of the training and induction  programs that are organized in basic schools in the study area, determine the causes of ineffective induction programs organized in  basic schools in the study area and to ascertain the perception of induction programs on teaching and learning in  basic schools in the study area. The researcher used descriptive survey design to collect quantitative data for the study. The targeted population was one hundred and twenty 120 head teachers and assistant head teachers of the public basic schools in the West Mamprusi Municipality. Based on the findings, some other induction programs organized in some of the schools include; training on the use of methodologies in teaching, training on guidance and mentoring new teachers, training on school and community relationship, health and safety training, training on GES code of ethics and training on lesson plan preparation. Based on the findings it can be concluded that induction programs supports and mitigates teacher attrition, increases career commitment, and contributes to retention through meeting teachers' personal and professional needs which also include improvement in professional growth and development, effective integration of new employees to the organization and providing new teachers with training tools and Other needs. Also working conditions play a significant role in teacher career satisfaction and commitment as the findings depicted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
Le Thi Nhu Thao ◽  
Nguyen Hong Nhung ◽  
Le Quang Huy ◽  
Bui Phuong Thao ◽  
Le Thu Ngoc ◽  
...  

Hairy root induction system has been widely applied for studies of gene function, gene expression, and genome editing in numerous plant species. In this study, we developed and evaluated the performance of an in vitro hairy root induction system via Agrobacterium rhizogenes on several Vietnamese and international soybean cultivars. The efficacy of in vitro hairy root induction and of transformation using this system was varied and depended on soybean cultivars as well as transgenic constructs. The hairy root induction frequency of different soybean cultivars ranged from 61.67% to 100% after 5 days on culture medium. From 43.8% to 79.8% of hairy roots transformed with GFP-expressing construct showed transgene expression, while that for the construct with the gus gene was from 38.07% to 72.33%. Among tested soybean cultivars, DT26 demonstrated the highest transformation and gene expression efficacy with both investigated vectors. This hairy root induction system was further utilized for targeted knockout mutagenesis via CRISPR/Cas9 of two genes which are G03 and G09 in the DT26 soybean cultivar. Successful mutagenesis in the regions of targeted genes was confirmed by shifted and multiple bands compared to which of non-transgenic hairy root in PAGE analysis. Sequencing results of targeted regions presented various nucleotide deletions ranging between -3 bp and -25 bp in size in both two genes of interest. This study laid an important basis for future gene function studies and targeted gene editing investigations on soybean plants in Vietnam.


Author(s):  
A.P. Raschepkin ◽  
◽  
I.P. Kondratenko ◽  
A.N. Karlov ◽  
R.S. Kryshchuk ◽  
...  

A review of the literature on the use of pulsed electric current to create electro-plastic effect in metal parts is performed. Inductor with a U-shaped magnetic core and pulsed current is investigated for processing thin-walled metal plates with rectilinear welds. With a saturated magnetic core relative magnetic permeability can be low, so using a magnetic core can be impractical. The aim of the work is to establish the influence of a magnetic core of an induction system on voltage, current and magnetic forces when reaching the eddy current density of 109 A/m2 in the weld of a non-magnetic thin-walled metal plate. A two-dimensional model of the induction system with and without the magnetic core is investigated here. Simulation of the distribution of electromagnetic fields with the reduction of the parameters of the two-dimensional model to three-dimensional is performed. A capacitor charged to a certain voltage is a source of pulsed currents in inductor winding. The equation of the electric circuit for determining the current in the inductor’s winding is solved. The influence of the dimensions of the magnetic core on voltage and currents in the inductor’s winding is determined. The influence of the magnetic core on the transients of voltages of capacitor and inductor, the currents in the winding and the weld of the metal non-magnetic plate, the magnetic forces in the weld is studied. The influence of the magnetic core on distribution of magnetic field strength, currents and magnetic forces on the surface of the plate in the area of the weld is studied. Ref. 13, Fig. 4, Table.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Miguel-Romero ◽  
Mohammed Alqasmi ◽  
Julio Bacarizo ◽  
Jason A. Tan ◽  
Richard J. Cogdell ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTMobile genetic elements (MGEs) control their life cycles by the expression of a master repressor, whose function must be disabled to allow the spread of these elements in nature. Here we describe an unprecedented repression-derepression mechanism involved in the transfer of the Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). Contrary to the classical phage and SaPI repressors, which are dimers, the SaPI1 repressor StlSaPI1 presents a unique tetrameric conformation, never seen before. Importantly, not just one but two tetramers are required for SaPI1 repression, which increases the novelty of the system. To derepress SaPI1, the phage-encoded protein Sri binds to and induces a conformational change in the DNA binding domains of StlSaPI1, preventing the binding of the repressor to its cognate StlSaPI1 sites. Finally, our findings demonstrate that this system is not exclusive to SaPI1 but widespread in nature. Overall, our results characterise a novel repression-induction system involved in the transfer of MGE-encoded virulence factors in nature.SignificanceWhile most repressors controlling the transfer of mobile genetic elements are dimers, we demonstrate here that the Staphylococcal pathogenicity island 1 (SaPI1) is repressed by two tetramers, which have a novel structural fold in their body that has never been seen before in other proteins. Moreover, by solving the structure of the SaPI1 repressor in complex with its inducing protein Sri, we have demonstrated that Sri forces the SaPI1 repressor to adopt a conformation that is incompatible with DNA binding, explaining how SaPI1 is induced. Finally, our results demonstrate that this repression system is not exclusive of the SaPIs but widespread in nature. Our studies provide important insights understanding how SaPIs spread in nature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 094708
Author(s):  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Muhammad Sabeeh Akram ◽  
Fu-Sheng Liu ◽  
Quan-Yu Xu ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
L. M. Shirko

The purpose of the article is to identify areas for improving the activities of a road enterprise based on a comprehensive assessment of the level of economic security of the enterprise.Methods. As research methods, the article uses analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, system analysis, comparative analysis, strategic management tools.Results. The author proposes an interpretation of the economic security system as a type of functional strategy of an enterprise, substantiates indicators for assessing the level of eco-nomic security of an enterprise. Effectively for practice, the directions of increasing the eco-nomic security of the enterprise have been identified.Scientific novelty. The novelty of the author’s approach lies in the application of the balanced scorecard methodology to the construction of indicators for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise.


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