Variation in bark characteristics of American beech (Fagus grandifolia)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1564-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Ostrofsky ◽  
Robert O. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Three distinct bark patterns of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) were exhibited by trees growing in naturally occurring forest stands in New Hampshire, U.S.A. Consistent differences in periderm anatomy were found to be associated with each particular bark pattern. Two patterns were typical of trees which maintained the first periderm in a superficial position. Another bark pattern is interpreted as being the result of normal rhytidome development, an uncommon occurrence in American beech.

Eichen im Aargau – eine besondere Verantwortung für das Fricktal | Oak in the canton of Argovia – a special responsibility for the Fricktal

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Kurt Steck
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Endangered Population ◽  
Middle Spotted Woodpecker ◽  
Special Responsibility ◽  
Important Site

A targeted nurturing of oak in the canton of Argovia goes against the natural development of forest stands where the dominant, naturally occurring species is beech. Because of this,afforestation with oak is both work intensive and costly and is therefore concentrated on sites where silvicultural, economical and ecological aspects have been taken into account. With the help of a simple model showing areas where, above all,oak is nurtured, comprehensively mapped forest stands were classed according to competitiveness and correlated to thermal levels, that represent an important site factor for oak. One important aspect surrounding the issue is the preservation of genetic resources and an adequate supply of appropriate seed from chosen autochthonal, indigenous oak stands. In addition,the endangered population of middle spotted woodpecker,which is tied to widespread sites of aged oak-rich deciduous stands, should be fostered. Taking ecological priorities into account a possible area to nurture oak has been demarcated in the Fricktal.

Diarimella laurentidae anam.: sp.nov. from Quebec

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2037-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vujanovic ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud ◽  
Peterjürgen Neumann ◽  
J André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Ecological Reserve ◽  
A New Species

Diarimella laurentidae, a new species occurring on dead bark and decorticated twigs of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), is reported from the Muir's Wood ecological reserve, located in the centre of the Haut-Saint-Laurent region in the province of Quebec. Diarimella laurentidae is characterized by stromatic, pulvinate, black, setose fructifications composed of a basal stroma of textura angularis, a brown peripheral wall of textura porrecta, conidiomatal setae of two types, and unicellular multisetulate conidia. Its relationships with described Diarimella species is discussed. This is the first report of a species of Diarimella from North America.Key words: Diarimella laurentidae, new fungus species, coelomycete, Fagus grandifolia.

American beech and sugar maple sapling relative abundance and growth are not modified by light availability following partial and total canopy disturbances

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Bannon ◽  
Sylvain Delagrange ◽  
Nicolas Bélanger ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Canopy Opening ◽  
Unmanaged Forest

Studies have reported divergent results on the effect of soil fertility and canopy opening on understory density and growth of sugar maple (AS; Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (FG; Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a gradient of canopy opening and soil fertility on the density and growth of AS and FG saplings in southwestern Quebec, Canada. We investigated 56 stands containing both AS and FG that were subjected to different disturbance history types (DHTs) (UF, unmanaged forest; PC, partial cut; and CC, clearcut) on various soil types. AS and FG absolute and relative sapling density varied greatly among the 56 stands; however, no significant effects of DHT, soil nutrient availability, or their interaction were found. Both species responded positively in terms of radial growth to canopy openings, with FG growth being slightly better than AS growth in PC stands compared with other canopy treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis, AS did not show significantly higher growth than FG following clear-cutting. These results do not support the idea that AS abundance and growth could be promoted by increasing the intensity of the canopy opening during harvest, at least on the generally acidic and base-poor soils that were investigated.

Present-day expansion of American beech in northeastern hardwood forests: Does soil base status matter?

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Duchesne ◽  
Rock Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Soil Base ◽  
Large Area ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots

Recently, sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline in northeastern North America has been regarded as a major factor structuring hardwood forests by favouring American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) in the understory of maple-dominated stands. To determine whether soil fertility differences associated with sugar maple decline may have promoted the expansion of American beech, we explored the relationships between the soil base status and the sapling and tree strata density and composition, using data from 426 permanent sample plots distributed throughout Quebec. Our results indicate that American beech is currently expanding in the sugar maple range of Quebec. The abundance and proportion of American beech in the sapling stratum are mainly associated with the proportion of American beech in the tree stratum, the relative basal area of dead sugar maple trees, and the base status of soils. In accordance with the many studies reporting on the high sensitivity of sugar maple to the acid–base status of soils and the decline of the sugar maple population, this study supports the hypothesis that soil base cation depletion, caused in part by atmospheric acid deposition, is among the main factors involved in the present-day expansion of American beech over a large area in Quebec.

Red-Breasted Nuthatches Detect Early Increases in Spruce Budworm Populations

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hewlette S. Crawford ◽  
Daniel T. Jennings ◽  
Timothy L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Early suppression of increasing spruce budworm populations is essential to prevent epidemics; however, early changes in budworm numbers are difficult to detect. An effective and inexpensive method to detect early increases is needed. Red-breasted nuthatches eat more spruce budworm larvae and pupae as the insect increases in number. We estimated the number of large larvae in Maine and northern New Hampshire forest stands in 1982 and 1983 by determining the number of these larvae in the birds' stomachs. When the mean number of spruce budworm in the stomach approached 1.7, budworm populations were nearing high density and could be expected to cause severe defoliation the following year. North. J. Appl. For. 7:81-83, June 1990.

scholarly journals Effects of Mechanical Site Preparation on the Abundance and Diversity of Ground-Layer Vegetation in Adirondack Northern Hardwood Stands

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi A. Forrester ◽  
Kimberly K. Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Ground Layer ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Fern Species

Abstract Forest management in northern hardwoods benefits from the use of site preparation treatments when the amount of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and fern species in the understory interferes with regeneration of more desirable species, e.g., sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall). We assessed the cover and diversity of herbaceous and woody species in the ground layer of three Adirondack northern hardwood stands before and 3 years after a mechanical site preparation that removed all trees less than 14 cm with a brush saw. The treatment significantly increased the cover of all species cumulatively, with herbaceous, shrub, and arborescent species increasing significantly more in treated plots than in untreated plots. Sugar maple cover increased more in treated plots than in untreated plots, although American beech did as well. Species richness increased significantly more in treated plots than in untreated plots, but differences in diversity and evenness were not significantly different because of treatment after 3 years. Multivariate analysis indicated only minor changes in the plant community composition. Results show that mechanical site preparation techniques are a viable option for promoting abundance and maintaining diversity of the ground-layer vegetation in northern hardwood forests.

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