Numbers and distribution of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in relation to white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Boland ◽  
R. Hall

Relationships between the distribution and numbers of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and the distribution and incidence of white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated in a field plot at Arkell, Ont., in 1981 and 1982. The spatial distributions of both apothecia and disease were aggregated and were most consistently described by the negative binomial distribution, although the Poisson, Poisson binomial and logarithmic with zeros distributions were also significant for some sampling dates. Numbers of apothecia were correlated with disease incidence within areas 1.4 (r = 0.07–0.67), 36 (r = 0.11–0.72), and 108 m2 (r = 0.21–0.95). The quantitative relationships between apothecia within a field of beans and the incidence of white mold may be useful in predicting the disease.

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. TU ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF

Ex Rico 23, a cultivar of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) introduced into Canada from Columbia, showed tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in an Ontario White Bean Variety Test at a site having severe white mold infection in 1978. Other entries, including the recommended cultivars, Fleetwood, Kentwood and Seafarer, suffered severe white mold infection and yield loss. The tolerant characteristic of Ex Rico 23 was confirmed experimentally in 1980 in both small-plot and large-scale plantings. In a field with severe white mold infection in Fleetwood, Ex Rico 23 had consistently lower disease incidence and a slower rate of disease spread. The yield loss in 1980 for Ex Rico 23 was minimal, but for Fleetwood was approximately 25 and 50% in a small-plot and a large-scale planting, respectively. The application of benomyl for disease control did not significantly increase the yield of dry beans.


1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1018
Author(s):  
W.D. BEVERSDORF ◽  
D.J. HUME

Ex Rico 23 is a white (navy) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) adapted to field bean production in southwestern Ontario. It exhibits much more tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) than other cultivars, along with good agronomic performance and cooking quality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-739
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Villarreal-Delgado ◽  
Fannie Isela Parra-Cota ◽  
Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez ◽  
María Isabel Estrada-Alvarado ◽  
Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Venegas ◽  
João Carlos Cury Saad

 O presente estudo objetivou determinar a severidade da doença mofo branco (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) e os componentes de produção do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), var. Pérola, submetido a aplicação do fungicida procimidone (Sialex 500), via fungigação (pivô central) e pulverizador automotriz (Uniport). O estudo foi realizado sob condições de produção comercial em campo, no município de Primavera do Leste - MT.  O experimento constou de 5 tratamentos (com 4 repetições de 4 ha cada), sendo 4 deles envolvendo duas aplicações de procimidone (1,2 kg ha -1 cada aplicação), aos 42 dias e aos 52 dias após o plantio (DAP), e um deles sem aplicação deste produto, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados.  Foram testadas as lâminas de água de 5,5 e 11,0  mm na aplicação via pivô central, proporcionando assim volume de calda de 55.000 e 110.000 L ha -1, respectivamente, e os volumes de 120 e 200 L ha -1 de calda no pulverizador automotriz. O critério adotado em todas as avaliações da severidade da doença foi o da porcentagem da área foliar lesionada utilizando escala diagramática de severidade da doença mofo branco. Os  valores foram usados para calcular a área abaixo da curva de progresso de doença (AACPD). Foram analisados também, o número dos apotécios do fungo durante o ciclo da cultura e o peso dos escleródios residuais do patógeno na colheita. Nesta ocasião foram avaliados os seguintes componentes da produção da cultura: número de plantas por parcela (stand final), número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, peso médio de 200 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Os valores da AACPD, apotécios aos 42, 49 e 56 DAP, escleródios em 2 kg de solo e  os parâmetros de produtividade da cultura foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de comparação de médias de Tukey no nível de 5 % de significância, utilizando o programa computacional STAT. Nas condições experimentais em que se desenvolveu o trabalho, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre as diferentes técnicas de aplicação estudadas em relação ao parâmetros de produtividade, porém, melhores resultados de controle da doença mofo branco, menor número de apotécios por m2 aos 49 e 56 DAP e menor peso dos escleródios residuais na colheita foram obtidos com a aplicação do fungicida via pivô central, independentemente do volume de calda utilizado.   UNITERMOS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, fungigação.             VENEGAS, F; SAAD, J. C. C.  WHITE MOLD CONTROL USING FUNGIGATION AND YIELD BEAN IN BRAZILIAN SAVANNAH CONDITIONS.     2 ABSTRACT              The aim of this research was to evaluate the white mold severity (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) of Bary), bean production components and yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variety Perola, according to the application of procimidone fungicide (Sialex 500), through fungigation (center pivot) and automotive sprayer (Uniport). The study was carried under field production commercial conditions, in Primavera do Leste - MT - Brazil. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments (with 4 repetitions of 4 ha each), all with two procimidone applications (1.2 kg ha-1 each application, same as, 0.6 kg a.i. per hectare) to the 42 and 52 days after seeding. The water depths of 5.5 and 11.0 mm were tested in the application through central pivot (this had your checked uniformity), providing volumes of 55.000 and 110.000 L ha-1, respectively,  and the volumes of 120 and 200 L ha-1 in the automotive sprayer. The severity of disease was evaluated by the percentage of the area affected by plant damage using diagramatic grade scale of white mold severity, as described by Azevedo (1998). The values were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). They were also analyzed, the number of the fungus apothecia during the crop cycle and the residual sclerotias weight in harvest. On this occasion, it was also evaluated the crop yield parameters: number of plants per plot (final stand), pods per plant, grains per pod, medium weight of 200 grains and productivity of grains. The AUDPC values, apothecia to 42, 49 and 56 days after seeding, sclerotias in 2 soil kg and the crop productivity parameters were submitted to the variance analysis and Tukey Test at 0.05 of probability. This test was also applied in the comparison among the different fungicide application methods, independent of spray volumes in each one. The statistical processing was accomplished by STAT program. The results showed that weren't differences among application techniques studied in relation to productivity parameters, however,  best white mold control, smaller apothecia number to 49 and 56 days after seeding and smaller weight of residual sclerotias in the harvest were obtained with the fungigation, independently of the spray volume used.   KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, fungigation. 


1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. TU

Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler was identified as the cause of the black pod disease and greyish discoloration of the seed coat of white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The severity of pod discoloration varied from dark grey flecks or stipples to dark grey patches which later coalesced. Seeds from severely affected pods often showed varying degrees of discoloration, which persisted through processing. Benomyl and chlorothalonil sprays, used to control white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), significantly increased the incidence of discoloration. In vitro, A. alternata was insensitive to both fungicides. There was more black pod disease and seed-coat discoloration in the early maturing cultivar Seafarer, than in the late-maturing cultivar Fleetwood.


Author(s):  
Cao Đăng Nguyên ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Hạnh

Đã điều tra lectin của 6 giống đậu cô ve thấy rằng cả 6 giống đều có hoạt tính lectin trong đó giống đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi (white bean core bush type white seeds) có hoạt tính lectin mạnh nhất, đặc biệt đối với hồng cầu trâu, bò, lợn. Lectin của 6 giống này đều không có biểu hiện đặc hiệu nhóm máu. Lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi hoạt động tốt nhất ở nhiệt độ 300C – 400C, pH 6,8 – 7,6. Các đường α-D-glucose, α-D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-saccharide,  D-lactose, D-arabinose và D-manitose ở nồng độ 0,05 – 0,1 M có tác dụng kìm hãm hoạt tính của lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi. Lectin này cũng bị kìm hãm bởi protein của một số huyết thanh người và động vật (trâu, bò, lợn). Đã tinh sạch lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi có độ tinh sạch gấp khoảng 52 lần so với dịch thô ban đầu. Trên gel polyacrylamide thấy xuất hiện 5 band có khối lượng phân tử trong khoảng 30 – 97 kDa.


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