Tolerance of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) associated with tolerance to oxalic acid

Relationships between the distribution and numbers of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and the distribution and incidence of white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated in a field plot at Arkell, Ont., in 1981 and 1982. The spatial distributions of both apothecia and disease were aggregated and were most consistently described by the negative binomial distribution, although the Poisson, Poisson binomial and logarithmic with zeros distributions were also significant for some sampling dates. Numbers of apothecia were correlated with disease incidence within areas 1.4 (r = 0.07–0.67), 36 (r = 0.11–0.72), and 108 m2 (r = 0.21–0.95). The quantitative relationships between apothecia within a field of beans and the incidence of white mold may be useful in predicting the disease.

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TOLERANCE TO WHITE MOLD (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary) IN EX RICO 23, A CULTIVAR OF WHITE BEAN(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-010 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

J. C. TU ◽

W. D. BEVERSDORF

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Large Scale ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Disease Spread ◽

White Mold ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

White Bean ◽

Small Plot

Ex Rico 23, a cultivar of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) introduced into Canada from Columbia, showed tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in an Ontario White Bean Variety Test at a site having severe white mold infection in 1978. Other entries, including the recommended cultivars, Fleetwood, Kentwood and Seafarer, suffered severe white mold infection and yield loss. The tolerant characteristic of Ex Rico 23 was confirmed experimentally in 1980 in both small-plot and large-scale plantings. In a field with severe white mold infection in Fleetwood, Ex Rico 23 had consistently lower disease incidence and a slower rate of disease spread. The yield loss in 1980 for Ex Rico 23 was minimal, but for Fleetwood was approximately 25 and 50% in a small-plot and a large-scale planting, respectively. The application of benomyl for disease control did not significantly increase the yield of dry beans.

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The Role of White Mold-Infected White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seeds in the Dissemination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0434.1988.tb00951.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 40-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. C. Tu

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

White Mold ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

White Bean

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EX RICO 23 WHITE BEAN

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps81-153 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 1017-1018

Author(s):

W.D. BEVERSDORF ◽

D.J. HUME

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Cooking Quality ◽

White Mold ◽

Field Bean ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Navy Bean ◽

White Bean

Ex Rico 23 is a white (navy) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) adapted to field bean production in southwestern Ontario. It exhibits much more tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) than other cultivars, along with good agronomic performance and cooking quality.

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Efficacy of three greenhouse screening methods for the identification of physiological resistance to white mold in dry bean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps08230 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 755-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H Terán ◽

S P Singh

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Screening Method ◽

White Mold ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Physiological Resistance ◽

Nueva Granada

White mold (WM) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most devastating disease of common bean (dry and snap or garden bean) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America. The use of a reliable screening method (SM) in common bean is crucial to improve physiological resistance to WM. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three SM to identify physiological resistance in dry bean genotypes with different evolutionary origins and levels of resistance. Screening methods tested were: (i) the modified straw test or cut–stem (CSM); (ii) infected bean flower (IFL); and (iii) infected oat seed (IOS). A 195, ICA Bunsi, Othello, and VCW 54 dry bean were tested with the three SM. The experimental design was a split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2007 and 2008. Two independent inoculations 1 wk apart for each SM were made. The WM reaction was scored at 16, 23, and 33 d post-inoculation (DPI) using a 1 to 9 scale. There were highly significant differences between SM and its interaction with years. The CSM and IFL were the most consistent and highly correlated (r > 0.70, P < 0.01). Interspecific breeding line VCW 54 consistently had the highest WM resistance across years, SM, and evaluation dates, followed by A 195. White mold scores increased with delayed evaluations. Thus, CSM or IFL with disease assessed 33 DPI should be used for identifying common bean genotypes with high levels of physiological resistance to WM.Key words: Common bean, growth habit, race Mesoamerica, race Nueva Granada, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

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Resistance of cotton genotypes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the straw and oxalic acid tests

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018001100011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1281-1284

Author(s):

Leandro Henrique Mundim Aguiar ◽

Larissa Barbosa de Sousa ◽

Lísias Coelho ◽

Ernane Miranda Lemes ◽

Leonardo Humberto Silva e Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxalic Acid ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

White Mold ◽

Susceptible Genotype ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Resistance Sources ◽

Colored Cotton ◽

Cotton Genotypes ◽

White Fiber

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the straw and oxalic acid tests to identify resistance levels of white and colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Ten genotypes were evaluated: five with colored fiber, four with white fiber, and a white-fiber susceptible genotype. The genotypes MAB-1 with white fiber and MAC-2 with colored fiber were the most resistant to white mold, according to the immersion in oxalic acid and straw tests, respectively. These genotypes can be recommended as resistance sources for breeding programs. Both assessed tests are complementary to each other; however, the straw test is more efficient in evaluating the resistance of cotton genotypes to white mold.

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Response of bush and upright plant type selections to white mold and seed yield of common beans grown in various row widths in southern Ontario

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-041 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

S. J. Park

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

White Mold ◽

Plant Type ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Row Width ◽

Dry Edible Bean ◽

Canopy Type

White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is an important disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production areas. It reduces seed yield and lowers the quality of beans. Development of the disease is thought to be affected by plant canopy type (architecture), and by genetic resistance. This study determined the effect of plant type and row width on white mold and seed yield. Three short bush/vine and four semi-determinate upright genotypes were tested in narrow (30 cm) and wide (60 and 80 cm) rows for 2 yr in a field prone to white mold development. Incidence and disease index increased as row width became narrower. The upright type was infected less than the short bush type. Ex Rico 23, which is a short vine, open canopy type, was moderately resistant to the mold. A tall upright selection, A55, showed the lowest mold infection; it was significantly less than that of Ex Rico 23. Seed yield of all genotypes increased as row width decreased even though there was an increase in white mold incidence. Stiff-strawed upright types had less lodging. To reduce white mold, cultivars should have lodging resistance, narrow canopied upright plant type and genetic resistance. Development of the upright plant types allows for narrow-row production and direct combining. Key words: Dry edible bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, plant type, row width, seed yield

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Screening for Partial Physiological Resistance to White Mold in Dry Bean Using Excised Stems

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.117.2.321 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P.N. Miklas ◽

K.F. Grafton ◽

B.D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Field Resistance ◽

White Mold ◽

Lesion Length ◽

Laboratory Procedure ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Physiological Resistance

A laboratory procedure was tested to determine whether excised stems would allow a reliable indication of partial physiological resistance (PPR) to white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary] in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Excised stems from 11- and 28-day-old plants were inoculated with growing mycelium of S. sclerotiorum, incubated for 4 to 7 days (11- and 28-day assays, respectively), then assayed for lesion length (LL). A total of 15 bean genotypes were screened for PPR, as indicated by LL. Significant (P < 0.05) differences among LL means of small- and medium-seeded bean genotypes were detected in the 28-day assay, whereas only LL means among medium-seeded genotypes. differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the n-day assay. `Bunsi', `C-20', `Sierra', `Topaz', and snap bean breeding lines NY 5262, NY 5394, and NY 5403 had the highest PPR and `Upland', D76125, and `UI-114' the lowest. The results from both assays were repeatable. A moderately high correlation (r = 0.68, P < 0.02) was observed between PPR and field resistance. The 28-day assay has potential for evaluating dry bean germplasm for PPR to white mold disease caused by S. sclerotiorum. A 28-day assay also was used to measure virulence of 18 isolates of S. sclerotiorum. The 18 isolates did not differ (P < 0.05) for virulence when measured by LL. The lack of any genotype × isolate interaction for LL indicated lack of host-pathogen specificity.

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Chemigation with benomyl and fluazinam and their fungicidal effects in soil for white mold control on dry beans

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582003000300004 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 245-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rogério F. Vieira ◽

Cleide M. F. Pinto ◽

Trazilbo J. de Paula Júnior

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Field Trials ◽

White Mold ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Application Methods ◽

Control Equivalent

The effectiveness of fungicides in controlling white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) was evaluated when they were applied through irrigation water directly onto the plants or only to the soil. Two field trials were installed in April 1998 and April 1999 in Viçosa, MG. Trials were conducted as a (2 x 3) + 1 factorial: two fungicides x three application modes + one untreated control. The fungicides were benomyl (1.0 kg a.i. ha-1) and fluazinam (0.5 l a.i. ha-1). The three application modes were: (a) by backpack sprayer (667 l ha-1), (b) by garden watering-cans simulating sprinkler irrigation with 35,000 l ha-1 of water, and (c) by garden watering-cans applying water between the rows and near the soil surface in 35,000 l ha-1 of water. In 1998, fungicides were applied at 43 and 54 days after emergence (DAE); in 1999, at 47 and 61 DAE. Both fungicides were similarly effective on white mold control when applied by either chemigation or backpack sprayer, resulting in yields 21% higher than untreated control. Only fluazinam provided disease control when applications were made only in soil. Chemigation provided white mold control equivalent to that of backpack sprayer in terms of incidence, severity and number of diseased pods. Consequently, yield differences between these application methods were not significant.

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