Isozyme variation in the fungus Atkinsonella hypoxylon within and among populations of its host grasses

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2600-2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Leuchtmann ◽  
Keith Clay
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Multilocus Genotypes ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Atkinsonella Hypoxylon

Isozyme variation of 291 isolates of Atkinsonella hypoxylon (Clavicipitaceae, tribe Balansieae) from 24 populations of its four known host grasses (Danthonia compressa, Danthonia sericea, Danthonia spicata, and Stipa leucotricha) was examined using starch gel electrophoresis. In total, there were 20 distinct multilocus genotypes. Eleven out of 13 enzyme loci (84.6%) exhibited more than one allele (mean 2.8) per locus. Nei's total gene diversity (HT) within all isolates was 0.229. Between isolate samples from S. leucotricha and the three Danthonia hosts, Nei's genetic identity (I) ranged from 0.21 to 0.31 and among isolate samples from the three Danthonia species I ranged from 0.65 to 0.88, with isolates from D. spicata and D. compressa being most similar. Variation of A. hypoxylon occurred both within and among populations of D. spicata and D. compressa, where up to 53 isolates were sampled per host population. In contrast, all 20 isolates from S. leucotricha were identical, as were all 6 from D. sericea. A few isolates from D. spicata exhibited the same, unusual multilocus genotype with unique alleles at six different loci. The occurrence of several multilocus genotypes in isolates from the same ascostroma and the 1:1 segregation of genotypes among ascospores from a single ascus indicated gene exchange among sexually reproducing individuals, consistent with a heterothallic mating system for A. hypoxylon.

Allozyme Genotype and Differential Resistance to Mercury Pollution in the Caddisfly, Nectopsyche albida. II. Multilocus Genotypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Benton ◽  
Sheldon I. Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Multilocus Genotypes ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Starch Gel

While a number of papers document that sensitivity to pollution is correlated with single-locus genotype, only one has addressed associations with multilocus complexes. We exposed larval caddisflies, Nectopsyche albida, to inorganic mercury and recorded individual times to death, genetically characterized each individual at six polymorphic loci by starch gel electrophoresis, and tested the effects of multilocus genotype on time to death. Two two-locus complexes and two three-locus complexes were significantly correlated with survival time. This supports earlier studies that monitoring multilocus and single-locus genotype frequencies may be useful in detecting and measuring environmental impacts; however, we disagree that variation in survival time among genotypes per se supports selectionist theory, because no heritability of resistance has been demonstrated. We also disagree that enzyme systems not exhibiting such variation are nonadaptive and discuss how the elimination of sensitive multilocus genotypes may hinder population persistence.

scholarly journals Extensive Protein Similarity of the Hybridizing Chickadees Parus atricapillus and P. carolinensis

The Auk ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Braun ◽  
Mark B. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Parus Atricapillus ◽  
Parus Gambeli ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Emerging Pattern ◽  
Electrophoresis Of Proteins

Abstract Starch gel electrophoresis of proteins was used to assess genetic differentiation and introgression across a contact zone between Parus atricapillus and P. carolinensis. Little or no differentiation was found at 35 presumed genetic loci, even between distantly allopatric population samples. Nei's (1978) genetic distance (D) was ≤0.001 for all comparisons. In contrast, Parus gambeli, another chickadee known to hybridize with atricapillus, was well differentiated at 3 loci (D ≈ 0.065). While the data suggest that atricapillus and carolinensis are closely related, they do not allow conclusions on the extent of introgression across the contact zone. The implications of these data are discussed in the light of the emerging pattern of isozyme variation in birds.

ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY WITHIN CUPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS L. GROWING IN ISRAEL

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gabriel Schiller ◽  
Leonid Korol
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Viable Seeds

Isoenzyme variants withinCupressus sempervirensL. planted in Israel have been identified using starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes extracted from the megagametophytic and perisperm seed tissue. Single-tree cone collection from 493 trees growing in 27 populations at holy sites and in plantations planted at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century in the country was done in 1986–1987. In 1994 viable seeds were available from only 267; of them, 140 trees were phenotypically identified as var.pyramidalisand 67 as being of var.horizontalis; the other 60 trees were not identified phenotypically. The results gained show that in the plantedC. sempervirensL. under investigation 11 (47.8%) out of the 23 gene loci in 13 enzyme systems analyzed were polymorphic; they contain a relatively high gene diversity of 0.479. The genetic distance between the two varieties planted in Israel is 0.007. Differences in allele frequencies between the two varieties occurred only in 5 loci, viz., IDH2PGI2, MDH3, PGM1, and ACO1.

Isozyme variation between species and formae speciales of the genus Puccinia

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2628-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Burdon ◽  
D. R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Starch Gel

Soluble proteins extracted from germinating urediniospores of 11 different species of Puccinia Pers. and from three formae spéciales of each of 3 of these species were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and the resultant isozyme banding patterns compared.Isozyme patterns obtained for the 11 different species showed considerable differentiation between species, indicating that all species were distinct taxonomic entities. Patterns obtained for the formae speciales were, in general, much more similar and suggested relationships which agree with existing knowledge from taxonomic and fertility studies.

Fractionation of Plasminogen by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Slotta ◽  
J. D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Veronal Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Alkaline Range

SummaryWhen urea or ε-amino caproic acid were used as solublizing agents for plasminogen in electrophoretic experiments, only one broad band of the proenzyme was obtained on acetate cellulose, in starch block, and in acrylamide gel. In starch gel electrophoresis, however, both forms of plasminogen – the native or euglobulin and Kline’s or Pseudoglobulin plasminogen – separated into six bands. These migrated toward the cathode at room temperature in borate or veronal buffer in the alkaline range and showed full activity in fibrinagar-streptokinase plates.

scholarly journals THE INHERITANCE OF ENZYME VARIANTS FOR TYROSINE AMINOTRANSFERASE, NADP-DEPENDENT MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, NADP-DEPENDENT ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE, AND TETRAZOLIUM OXIDASE IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS, SYNGEN 1

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
D Borden ◽  
E T Miller ◽  
D L Nanney ◽  
G S Whitt
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Locus ◽  
Starch Gel

ABSTRACT The isozymic patterns of tyrosine aminotransferase, NADP malate dehydrogenase, NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase, and tetrazolium oxidase were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. The genetics of the alleles controlling these enzymes was studied through a breeding program. Each enzyme locus was shown to assort vegetatively, as do other loci in this organism. A detailed analysis of the assortment process for the tyrosine aminotransferase locus indicated that the rate of stabilization of heterozygotes into pure types was essentially identical to previously-reported rates for other loci.

STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF MYOGEN FROM CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLE IN CONSTANT AND GRADIENT BUFFER SYSTEMS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Neelin
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Gradient Systems ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Starch Gel

By varying conditions of starch gel electrophoresis, factors contributing to the resolution of myogen proteins from chicken breast muscle have been studied. Variables examined included composition of the myogen extractant, protein concentration, ionic strength of electrophoretic media, pH of gel media, plane and direction of electrophoresis, and the nature of cations and anions in gel media and bridge solutions. The significance of anions was more closely studied with constant buffer systems, and gradient systems in which bridge electrolyte differed from, and gradually altered, the gel medium. Optimal separation was obtained in gradient systems with 0.10 M sodium chloride bridge solutions, and gel media of sodium cacodylate, pH 6.9, μ 0.010, which resolved 12 cationic zones, and sodium veronal, pH 7.4, μ 0.010, which resolved 10 anionic zones. These buffers in two-dimensional sequence revealed a total of about 24 components in this myogen.

Morphological and biochemical systematics of chubs, Nocomis biguttatus and N. micropogon (Pisces: Cyprinidae), in southern Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
David L. G. Noakes ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Respective Species ◽  
Probability Of Misclassification

Examination of 17 presumptive gene loci by starch-gel electrophoresis revealed differential mobilities only at acid phosphatase-1, alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase-1, and phosphoglucomutase between Nocomis biguttatus and N. micropogon. No intraspecific variation was observed for any loci. The genetic identity (I) and genetic distance (D) were 0.874 and 0.134, respectively. The correlation of electrophoretic mobilities and nuptial tubercle pattern in sexually dimorphic males supports the present taxonomic distinction of these species and provides a simple, unambiguous means of identifying any individuals.Stepwise discriminant function analysis of a series of mensural characters was used to compare fish identified as to species by electrophoresis. At best this correctly assigned fish to their respective species in 85.7% of cases, with a probability of misclassification of 0.1335.This study suggests these two are sibling species, based on a comparison of biochemical and morphological differentiation.

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