Components of resistance in barley to stem rust: receptivity, urediniospore production, latent period, and infection response in adult plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Liu ◽  
D. E. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Infection Response ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Adult Plants

Resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, is often variably expressed. This study was undertaken to evaluate several components of stem rust resistance in the barley cultivars or lines Tupper, Robust, Q21861, SB90585, SB91702, and Harrington and to compare them with the susceptible wheat cultivar Little Club (Triticum aestivum). Stems of adult plants were quantitatively inoculated with urediniospores of races QCC, QFC, and TPM of P. graminis tritici. Significant differences in receptivity, urediniospore production, and latent period were observed among the barley lines and between all barley lines and Little Club wheat. The degrees of receptivity and the levels of urediniospore production on the barley lines were related to the presence or absence of the specific resistance genes Rpg1, rpg4, and possibly additional noncharacterized gene(s). Receptivity was the most strongly expressed of all of the components measured. Receptivity, spore production, and infection response were highly correlated to each other, but only infection response was significantly correlated to latent period. The usefulness of measuring these components to evaluate resistance in barley breeding is discussed. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare, stem rust, Puccinia graminis tritici, resistance, components.

Inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistances in wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA McIntosh ◽  
PL Dyck ◽  
GJ Green
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Adult Plants

The wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha each possess closely linked genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici and P. recondita derived from Agropyron elongatum. The genes in Agent, located in chromosome 3D, were designated Sr24 and Lr24. The gene in Agatha for resistance to P. graminis tritici was designated Sr25 and is linked with Lr19 in chromosome 7D. Both Agent and Agatha possess additional genes for resistance to certain cultures of P. graminis tritici. Sr24 is considered a valuable source of resistance for wheat-breeding purposes, but Sr25 conferred an inadequate level of resistance to adult plants. A translocation from an A. elongatum chromosome to wheat chromosome 6A, present in Australian cultivars Eagle, Kite and Jabiru, carries a third gene, Sr26, for stem rust resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of Stem Rust on the Quality of Selected Barley Genotypes

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Mwando ◽  
I. M. Tabu ◽  
O. D. Otaye ◽  
P. N. Njau
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
New Race ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Catastrophic Disease

Stem rust, (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) is a catastrophic disease of barley. Previously stem-rust-tolerant genes were incorporated in genotypes of wheat grown in Kenya, but in 1999, a new race Ug99 that is virulent to the genes was detected in Uganda. The new race spread rapidly and, in 2001, stem rust Ug99 isolates were detected in Kenya. Although barley is an important crop affected by stem rust, limited work has been done to it. In this study 20 barley cultivars from Kenya and from International Centre for Agriculture Research in Dry Area (ICARDA) were screened in greenhouse environment and in the field with isolate of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. At seedling stage, the infection levels ranged from 0 to 2, except in ICARDA-09 and ICARDA-11 that showed infection types 3 and 3, 4, respectively. At adult plant stage, genotypes ICARDA-01, Nguzo, and Karne were moderately resistant while the rest were susceptible or moderately susceptible. In the field, the new line 1512-5 showed the highest severity of 93% in season 1, with Sabini having the highest severity of 30% in the second season. The highest reduction in percent germination (54.1% and 38.3%) was recorded in 1385-13 and ICARDA-10 in season 1 and 2, respectively. The highest loss (9.00%) in protein content was observed in Sabini in season 1. It is evident that stem rust Ug99 is a threat to beer industry and there is need for regular monitoring of the stem rust pathogen, in particular isolates in the variable Ug99 lineage, as well as continued resistance breeding. The study has demonstrated the pathogenicity of PgtUg99 to barley despite the fact that it poses a great threat to wheat production in the world.

Resistance to stem rust in barley and inheritance of resistance to race QCC

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Fox ◽  
D. E. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Heterozygous Condition ◽  
The Cross

Twenty-two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars and lines were evaluated for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) race QCC in field trials over a 3-yr period, and the inheritance of resistance of several genotypes to race QCC was investigated using replicated F3 lines. Rust severities ranged from 17 to 58% between 14 different cultivars and lines which carried the stem rust resistance gene Rpg1, indicating that factors other than Rpg1 conferred resistance. Hietpas-5 (Rpg2) had moderate resistance while PI 382313 (Rpg3) had good resistance to race QCC. In the cross Hiproly-15/Peatland-9, F2 adult plants segregated 3R: 1S to race MCC, confirming the presence of gene Rpg1 in Peatland-9. Some F3 lines derived from F2 plants with Rpg1 were susceptible to race QCC, however, indicating that Rpg1 was ineffective against race QCC. A second gene in Peatland-9, designated for the interim as RpgU and independent of Rpg1, was shown to confer a moderate level of resistance to race QCC. Similar segregation patterns in the presence of race QCC and pedigree analysis suggested that the cultivars Husky and Diamond contain this gene. This gene is likely present in other related cultivars such as Vantage and Bonanza. Segregation in progeny of the cross Hiproly-15/Q21861 indicated that resistance to race QCC was controlled by two recessive genes in Q21861. Gene Rpg2, tested in F3 lines, was found to provide a moderate level of resistance to race QCC, similar to RpgU, but was less effective in the heterozygous condition. The phenotypic expression of RpgU differed from Rpg1, Rpg2, and Rpg3, suggesting that RpgU is a previously unreported gene for stem rust resistance in cultivated barley. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, stem rust, Puccinia graminis, resistance

Stem rust epidemics and their effects on grain yield and quality in Australian barley cultivars

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Dill-Macky ◽  
RG Rees ◽  
GJ Platz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Field Plots

The progress of epidemics of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici strain 343-Anz-1,2,3,5,6 was examined in field plots of the Australian barley cultivars Clipper, Corvette, Galleon, Grimmett, Prior and Schooner. The barley Purple Nudum, reported to possess seedling resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and the susceptible wheat Oxley were also examined. Additional rust-free treatments were maintained to provide comparisons of grain yield and quality. Differences in the rate of epidemic development between cultivars were found. Moderate epidemics developed in Clipper, Schooner, Grimmett and Prior and no significant losses in yield were detected in Grimmett or Prior. Severe epidemics developed in Galleon, Corvette and Oxley and reduced grain yield by about half. Yield reductions were generally associated with reduced grain size and weight.

Stem-rust resistance in 'Canthatch' hexaploid wheat induced by a nonsuppressor mutation on chromosome 7DL

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulphonate ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Common Wheat Cultivar ◽  
The Common ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Dominant Suppressor

A recessive null mutation induced in the common wheat cultivar 'Canthatch' by ethyl methanesulphonate permits the expression of resistance to several cultures of stem rust to which this cultivar is susceptible. This susceptibility is due to a dominant suppressor on chromosome 7DL that inhibits resistance conferred by a gene or genes located elsewhere on the genomic complement. Genetical and cytogenetical evidence indicated that the mutation is simply transmitted and was induced either at the suppressor locus or at a locus closely linked with it, more than 50 crossover units from the centromere. Tentative results suggest that in addition to 'Canthatch', other backcross derivatives of the cultivar 'Thatcher', such as 'Katepwa' and 'Columbus', possess both the suppressor and the inactivated resistance gene(s). Consequently, incorporation of the mutant allele into these cultivars should permit the expression of inhibited resistance.Key words: hexaploid, Triticum, ethyl methanesulphonate, mutant, suppressor, Puccinia graminis.

INHERITANCE OF REACTION TO STEM RUST AND LEAF RUST IN THE WHEAT CULTIVAR ETOILE DE CHOISY

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
P. L. Dyck ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici

Triticum aestivum L. cv. Etoile de Choisy possesses two genes governing reaction to Australian and Canadian strains of Puccinia graminis tritici: Sr23, a gene causing chlorosis and necrosis of infected tissue which is completely linked with Lr16 for reaction to P. recondita, and a second gene, designated SrEC, resembling a gene previously reported by Bartos et al., that produces infection type "2" to "3" with avirulent cultures.

SPECIFICITY IN THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THE ADULT PLANT REACTION OF WHEAT VARIETIES TO RACES OF STEM RUST

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Green ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Triticum Timopheevi ◽  
Adult Plants

The reactions of adult plants of 10 wheat varieties to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn.) races 11, 12, 15A, 15B-1, 15B-2, 15B-3, 17A, 29, 29A, and 139 were determined at temperatures of about 60° F. and 80° F. The varieties K338 AC 2.E.2 and K117A were resistant to all races at both temperatures. Redman was resistant to all races at both temperatures except for the races 15B-1, -2, -3, which attacked it at both temperatures. This variety was somewhat more susceptible to race 12 at the low than at the high temperature. The other varieties were more susceptible at the high temperature to one or more races to which they were resistant at the low temperature. McMurachy was more susceptible at the high than at the low temperature to races 15B-1, 15B-2, and 17A; Selkirk to races 15B-1 and 15B-2; Red Egyptian to races 15B-1 and 17A; Triticum timopheevi to races 15B-1, 15B-2, and 15B-3; Frontana × Thatcher II-47-37 to race 15B-1; Kentana to races 12 and 15B-2; and K58 to races 12, 15A, 17A, and 29. Since the resistance of these varieties broke down to different races, the effect of high temperature on the rust reaction of adult plants is specific for certain combinations of host variety and rust race.

GENETICS OF STEM RUST RESISTANCE IN THE WHEAT CULTIVAR RED BOBS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. DYCK ◽  
G. J. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance

The inheritance of resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.) was investigated in Triticum aestivum L. cv. Red Bobs. It carries a gene for stem rust resistance at the Sr7 locus that resembles Sr7b of Marquis, and a gene that is either Sr10 or, more likely, an allele, because Red Bobs is less resistant than the Marquis-Sr10 line to races C1 (17) and C17 (56).

scholarly journals Emergence of Virulence to Sr25 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici on Wheat in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 840-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Jain ◽  
M. Prashar ◽  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
S. B. Singh ◽  
Y. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Additional Gene ◽  
Adult Plants

Stem (black) rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn., is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. It could be controlled through introgression of race-specific resistance genes. However, such kind of resistance is mostly short lived due to emergence of new virulences. For example, resistance genes Sr11, Sr24, Sr30, and Sr31 are no longer effective (2,4). Detection of new virulences has remained vital in the evaluation and identification of new sources of resistance. We report here the detection of virulence to Sr25, a gene from Thinopyrum elongatum (4), which had been effective or partially effective against stem rust worldwide, including race Ug99 (TTKSK) (4). A stem rust isolate collected in 2006 from Karnataka (southern India) produced susceptible reactions (infection type [IT] 3+ to 4) on the primary leaves of differential genotype ‘Agatha’ carrying Sr25 and susceptible check ‘Agra Local’ at 22 ± 2°C. To verify virulence to Sr25, single-pustule isolates from this sample were inoculated onto seedlings of ‘Agrus’, ‘Agatha’, ‘RL6040’ (‘Thatcher’ + Sr25), ‘Superseri#1’, ‘Wheatear’, and ‘Morocco’ + Sr25 (obtained from CIMMYT), which all carry Sr25. All these accessions were found susceptible (IT 3+ to 4) to this isolate, except Wheatear which expressed resistance (IT ;1), indicating the presence of additional gene(s). These genotypes are resistant (ITs ;1 to 2+) to Sr25-avirulent pathotypes. The new pathotype is avirulent to Sr11, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, and Tmp and virulent to Sr5, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 9a, 9b, 9d, 9e, 9f, 9g, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 28, 30, 34, 36, 42, Wld-1, and Gt at 22 ± 2°C. This pathotype has been designated as 58G13-3 and PKTSC according to the Indian nomenclature (1) and the North American system (3), respectively. It represents race 40 based on Stakman's differentials. It may have arisen from race 40 through mutation. The type culture of the pathotype has been added to the culture collection at Flowerdale, Shimla. Interestingly, ‘Festiguay’ (Sr30) was found resistant to this pathotype, indicating the presence of additional gene(s), whereas ‘Webster’ (Sr30) was susceptible. Adult plants of Agrus, Agatha, RL6040, Superseri#1, and Morocco+Sr25 also were susceptible, producing 20S to 60S responses. Sr25-avirulent pathotype 62G29 produced a TR (flecking in traces) response on these lines except Morocco + Sr25 that showed 20 to 40MR (moderately resistant) responses. In the same study however, adult plants of Thatcher showed a resistant reaction (10R to MR) at low (16 ± 2°C) and susceptible (20S) at high (22 ± 2°C) temperatures. Agatha and RL6040, having Thatcher as one of the parents, had similar responses. The detection of Sr25 virulence is significant since Sr25 is an important gene to be targeted for breeding wheat cultivars resistant to Ug99. We should use either adult plant resistance and/or pyramiding two or more genes for seedling resistance to enhance the field life of wheat cultivars. References: (1) P. Bahadur et al. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 95:29, 1985. (2) S. C. Bhardwaj et al. J. Wheat Res. 1:51, 2007. (3) Y. Jin et al. Plant Dis. 92:923, 2008. (4) R. P. Singh et al. CAB Rev. No. 054:1, 2006.

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