White spruce resistance to white pine weevil related to bark resin canal density

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
Fangliang He ◽  
Elizabeth Tomlin ◽  
G. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Genetics ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Examination of the bark from the uppermost lateral branches of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, indicated that trees resistant to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, had significantly higher number and density of vertical resin canals per unit of bark area (mm2) than susceptible trees. The number and density of resin canals were also positively correlated with tree growth rate, an indicator of tree vigor. The density of the resin canals found near the periphery of the bark (outer resin canals) had higher correlation with resistance and growth than inner resin canals. Measurements of resin canals on the bark of lateral branches correlated well with measurements on the bark of the leader of the same tree, indicating that lateral samples could be used to screen white spruce for resistance to weevils. Key words: Picea glauca, Pissodes strobi, pest management, tree genetics.

TECHNIQUE FOR LABELING INDIVIDUAL PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FOR MARK-RECAPTURE STUDIES

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory L. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Marking Technique ◽  
White Pine Weevil

AbstractA simple nontoxic technique to mark and reference the white pine weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) is described. This marking technique was used to track the movement of individuals to the cohort level through time and space in a young white spruce plantation.

Impact du charançon du pin blanc (Pissodes strobi Peck) dans les plantations d'épinettes de Norvège (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Partie 1 : Productivité et qualité des sciages

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
Marie-Josée Mottet
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
White Pine Weevil

A study to assess the effects that major deformations in merchantable stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), caused by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), have on lumber productivity and quality was performed on logs obtained from the second commercial thinning operation in three weevil-affected plantations. Deformed stems were found to be 6.3% shorter than undeformed stems and their lumber characteristics — merchantable volume, number of board feet and lumber monetary value — were 14.7%, 20.6% and 23.7% lower, respectively. However, when the respective proportions of deformed and undeformed stems were analyzed for a given plantation over a time horizon of a complete rotation, these shortfalls almost disappeared, with a loss of less than 3% being noted for total merchantable volume. The presence/absence of major deformations had no effect on visual grading of the lumber, which considers defects such as wane, knots and compression wood. For two of the three sites studied, almost 75% of the lumber was graded as Select Structural, No. 1 or No. 2. The plantation site and its characteristics (spacing and level of thinning) were found to have a more significant effect than deformations on productivity, lumber quality and monetary value. Furthermore, using the same methodology, one of the Norway spruce sites was compared with a white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantation containing trees of similar quality and height but no weevil problems. The Norway spruce stems, including those with deformations, were found to yield higher merchantable and usable log volumes, a larger number of board feet and a higher monetary value than the white spruce. On average, for the diameter-at-breast-height values tested — 14 to 23 cm — the monetary value of the lumber was 26% higher for Norway spruce. These findings are largely attributable to the less pronounced taper of Norway spruce. In conclusion, in spite of weevil attacks and its negative impact, Norway spruce trees growing on sites of moderate to very good quality maintain lumber potential, in terms of both quantity and quality for second thinning logs. The negative impact should gradually diminish at the time of next thinnings and final harvest. Key words: white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., wood quality, plantation, productivity

An induced defense reaction in white spruce to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Induced Defense ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Defense Reaction ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Traumatic Resin Canals ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
White Pine Weevil

An induced defense reaction in the leaders of white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, occurs in response to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck. The response was initiated shortly after feeding and oviposition in the attacked shoot and consisted of the cambium switching from producing normal tracheids and parenchyma ray cells to producing traumatic resin canals, arranged in a ring fashion in the developing xylem. In sectioned leaders, these traumatic resin canals could be seen emptying their contents into feeding and oviposition cavities dug by the adults, and into the larval galleries. This defense reaction killed eggs and larvae. When the leader survived the attack, the cambium reverted to producing normal xylem tissue, leaving one or more rings of traumatic resin canals embedded in the xylem annual ring.

scholarly journals Impact of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) on Norway spruce plantations (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Part 1: Productivity and lumber quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
Marie-Josée Mottet
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
White Pine Weevil

A study to assess the effects that major deformations in merchantable stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), caused by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), have on lumber productivity and quality was performed on logs obtained from a second commercial thinning operation in three weevil-affected plantations. Deformed stems were found to be 6.3% shorter than non-deformed stems and their lumber characteristics, i.e., merchantable volume, number of board feet and lumber monetary value, were 14.7%, 20.6% and 23.7% lower, respectively. However, when the respective proportions of deformed and non-deformed stems were analyzed for a given plantation over the time horizon of a complete rotation, these shortfalls almost disappeared, with a loss of less than 3% being noted for total merchantable volume. The presence/absence of major deformations had no effect on visual grading of the lumber, which takes defects such as wane, knots and compression wood into account. For two of the three sites studied, almost 75% of the lumber was graded as Select Structural, No. 1 or No. 2. The plantation site and its characteristics (spacing and level of thinning) were found to have a more significant effect than deformations on productivity, lumber quality and monetary value. Furthermore, using the same methodology, one of the Norway spruce sites was compared with a white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantation containing trees of similar quality and height, but with no weevil problems. The Norway spruce stems, including those with deformations, were found to yield higher merchantable and usable log volumes, a larger number of board feet and a higher monetary value than white spruce. On average, for the diameter at breast height values tested — 14 to 23 cm — the monetary value of the lumber was 26% higher for Norway spruce. These findings are largely attributable to the less pronounced taper of Norway spruce. In conclusion, in spite of weevil attacks and their negative impact, Norway spruce trees growing on sites of moderate to very good quality maintain lumber potential, in terms of both quantity and quality, for second thinning logs. The negative impact should gradually decrease at the time of next thinnings and final harvest. Key words: white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., wood quality, plantation, productivity

Impact du charançon du pin blanc (Pissodes strobi Peck) dans les plantations d’épinette de Norvège (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Partie 2 : Propriétés du bois des sciages

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-722
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Mottet ◽  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
S Y Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
White Pine Weevil

We studied the lumber characteristics of 148 trees taken for that purpose during commercial thinning operations in three Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) plantations, aged from 32 to 34 years, which had been attacked by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]). The trees, with diameters ranging from 14 to 23 cm, were grouped into three quality classes according to the number of major deformations caused by the weevil. The effects of the deformations on rigidity, bending strength, wood density and lumber defects were examined. Results show that in general the deformations caused by the weevil do not affect the lumber properties of Norway spruce on sites of medium- to high-quality. For the three Norway spruce plantations, the mean values of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the lumber vary from 8510 to 9357 MPa, and for the modulus of rupture (MOR) range from 36.0 to 42.5 MPa, whereas wood density varies from 324 to 343 kg·m-3. For comparison purposes, the same measurements were taken on lumber from 38 trees in a white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) plantation that was unaffected by the weevil, but otherwise comparable to the Norway spruce plantation on one of the sites studied. The lumber properties from the Norway spruce taken from deformed or undeformed stems are 34% superior to the white spruce for the MOE, 20% for the MOR and 8% for wood density. The smaller knots in the Norway spruce could explain this difference. On the other hand, a visual classification of this type of wood reveals few differences in the lumber's bending strength or rigidity. Key words: Norway spruce, Picea abies, wood characteristics, MOE, MOR, wood density, lumber, white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi, white spruce, Picea glauca

Biological performance of the white pine weevil in relation to the anatomy of the resin canal system of four different host species

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Boucher ◽  
Robert Lavallée ◽  
Yves Mauffette
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Density Correlation ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The anatomy of the resin canal system was observed on lateral branches of four host species of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) in relation to weevil performance. The host species studied were Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Survival, number, and mass of adult weevils were measured on attacked terminal leaders collected before adult emergence. One uppermost lateral branch was collected at the base of each attacked leader. Cross sections of these lateral branches were observed to measure the number, diameter, depth, and density of inner and outer resin canals. Nearly all resin canal measurements differed significantly among species, with white pine differing greatly from the other species with larger canals and lower canal density. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the anatomy of the resin canal system was principally related to adult mass, with the most important variable being the density of inner canals (r = –0.54). Trees characterized by low density of large inner resin canals, like white pine, seemed to favour mass gain in adult weevils. The present study suggests that a high density of inner resin canals constrains the insect to feed on canals early in larval development, which subsequently reduces weevil mass.

Impact of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]) on Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) plantations. Part 2: Lumber properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Mottet ◽  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
S Y Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
White Pine Weevil

We studied the lumber characteristics of 148 trees acquired for that purpose during commercial thinning operations in three Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) plantations, aged from 32 to 34 years, which had been attacked repeatedly by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]). The trees, with diameters ranging from 14 to 23 cm, were grouped into three quality classes according to the number of major deformations caused by the weevil. The effects of the deformations on bending strength and stiffness, wood density and lumber defects were examined. Results show that in general deformations caused by the weevil do not affect the lumber properties of Norway spruce on sites of medium to high quality. For the three Norway spruce plantations, the mean values of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the lumber varied between 8510 and 9357 MPa, and for the modulus of rupture (MOR) they ranged from 36.0 to 42.5 MPa, whereas wood density varied from 324 and 343 kg·m-3. For comparison purposes, the same measurements were taken on lumber from 38 trees in a white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) plantation that was unaffected by the weevil, but comparable to the Norway spruce plantation on one of the sites studied. The lumber properties from Norway spruce taken from deformed or undeformed stems were 34% superior to white spruce for MOE, 20% for MOR and 8% for wood density. The smaller knots in Norway spruce could explain this difference. On the other hand, a visual grading of this type of wood reveals few differences in lumber strength and stiffness. Key words: Norway spruce, Picea abies, wood characteristics, MOE, MOR, wood density, lumber, white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi, white spruce, Picea glauca

Variation in the induced resin response of white spruce, Piceaglauca, to attack by Pissodesstrobi

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
G.K. Kiss ◽  
A. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Response Intensity ◽  
Attack Response ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Nonlinear Fashion ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The intensity of the traumatic resin response in white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck, was studied in trees with different severities of attack. The response level was highest in trees where the attacks failed, i.e., where eggs were laid but the brood was killed and no adults emerged. Successfully attacked trees had, on average, only 62% of the response intensity of trees with failed attacks. Response intensity in trees that had been subjected only to feeding was much lower, at 42% of the failed attack response. Healthy unattacked trees showed no or little traumatic resin response. Response intensity varied in a nonlinear fashion with the number of eggs laid, increasing rapidly from zero in healthy trees, being highest in trees having between 10 and 60 egg punctures, and progressively lower again in trees with higher numbers of egg punctures. For a given number of egg punctures, resistant white spruce trees had a consistently higher traumatic resin response than susceptible trees. The number of eggs laid on a leader was inversely related to the intensity of the traumatic resin response and to the timing of the attack. Fewer eggs were laid on leaders with high traumatic resin response or attacked late in the season than on leaders with lower resin response or attacked early in the season.

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

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