Leaf mass per area predicts palisade structural properties linked to mesophyll conductance in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefania A. Milla-Moreno ◽  
Athena D. McKown ◽  
Robert D. Guy ◽  
Raju Y. Soolanayakanahally
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Pathway Length ◽  
Intercellular Air Space

Modifications to leaf structural components that drive variation in leaf mass per area (LMA) may substantially impact leaf physiology by changing how easily CO2 diffuses through intercellular air space to carboxylation sites in mesophyll tissues. Mesophyll conductance (gm) is inversely proportional to the total pathway length for CO2, including the structural resistances encountered. In balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), gm increases with latitude, paralleled by an increase in LMA. We investigated a family of P. balsamifera (K4×C) with high variation in LMA for different characteristics (tissues, nitrogen content, ultrastructural attributes). We interpreted trait variability using a developmental scale quantified by the leaf plastochron index (LPI). Developmental age significantly affected LMA, but those effects were lost at LPI ≥ 6. We outlined contributions of anatomical components to LMA and found palisade mesophyll properties were the primary drivers of variation in LMA within mature leaves (LPI ≥ 6). Using anatomical data, we derived components corresponding to structural resistances for gm. Perimeters of palisade cells and surface area of palisade exposed to intercellular air space, which may strongly influence CO2 diffusion, were correlated to LMA. Variation in LMA is positively related to differences in structural features expected to increase the conductance to CO2 diffusion within palisade mesophyll.

scholarly journals Comparative leaf growth strategies in response to low-water and low-light availability: variation in leaf physiology underlies variation in leaf mass per area in Populus tremuloides

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec S. Baird ◽  
Leander D.L. Anderegg ◽  
Melissa E. Lacey ◽  
Janneke HilleRisLambers ◽  
Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Physiology

scholarly journals High leaf mass per area Oryza genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and show a low mesophyll conductance

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Ye ◽  
Zhengcan Zhang ◽  
Guanjun Huang ◽  
Zhuang Xiong ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Abstract The intraspecific variations of leaf structure and anatomy in rice leaves and their impacts on gas diffusion are still unknown. Researches about the tradeoff between structural compositions and intracellular chemical components within rice leaves are still lacking. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the varietal differences in leaf structure and leaf chemical compositions, and the tradeoff between leaf structural tissues and intracellular chemical components in rice leaves. Leaf structure, leaf anatomy, leaf chemical composition concentrations and gas exchange parameters were measured on eight Oryza sativa L. genotypes to investigate the intraspecific variations in leaf structure and leaf anatomy and their impacts on gas exchange parameters, and to study the tradeoff between leaf structural compositions (cell wall compounds) and intracellular chemical components (non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen, chlorophyll). Leaf thickness increased with leaf mass per area (LMA), while leaf density did not correlate with LMA. Mesophyll cell surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (IAS) per leaf area, the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to IAS and cell wall thickness increased with LMA. Cell wall compounds accounted for 71.5 % of leaf dry mass, while mass-based nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations decreased with LMA. Mesophyll conductance was negatively correlated with LMA and cell wall thickness. High LMA rice genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and possess a low mesophyll conductance.

scholarly journals Climate-driven local adaptation of ecophysiology and phenology in balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera L. (Salicaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Keller ◽  
Raju Y. Soolanayakanahally ◽  
Robert D. Guy ◽  
Salim N. Silim ◽  
Matthew S. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Balsam Poplar

Effects of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) tannins and low molecular weight phenolics on microbial activity in taiga floodplain soil: implications for changes in N cycling during succession

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Schimel ◽  
Keith Van Cleve ◽  
Rex G. Cates ◽  
Thomas P. Clausen ◽  
Paul B. Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
River Floodplains

The transition from alder (Alnus tenuifolia) to balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) is a critical turning point in primary succession on river floodplains in interior Alaska. Associated with the change in plant species are large changes in N cycling. N-fixation and nitrification decrease and the system becomes N-limited, with NH4+ dominating the inorganic N pool. Balsam poplar leaves contain large quantities of tannins and low molecular weight phenolic compounds. We evaluated the effect of these compounds on microbial respiration and N cycling in laboratory assays on soils from an alder-dominated site. Plant compounds were purified and applied to silica gel as an inert carrier. Both tannins and phenolics caused net N-immobilization over a 30-day assay. However, tannins inhibited respiration while phenolics stimulated it. There were no specific effects on nitrification. Thus, tannins acted as a general microbial inhibitor, while phenolics acted as a growth substrate. By inhibiting mineralization while stimulating immobilization, poplar secondary compounds may reduce soil N-availability during the transition betwen alder and poplar stages in succession. Keywords: respiration, mineralization, tannins, secondary chemicals, succession, plant–microbe interactions.

Canopy position affects photosynthesis and anatomy in mature Eucalyptus trees in elevated CO2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Y Crous ◽  
C Campany ◽  
R Lopez ◽  
F J Cano ◽  
D S Ellsworth
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Palisade Cells

Abstract Leaves are exposed to different light conditions according to their canopy position, resulting in structural and anatomical differences with consequences for carbon uptake. While these structure–function relationships have been thoroughly explored in dense forest canopies, such gradients may be diminished in open canopies, and they are often ignored in ecosystem models. We tested within-canopy differences in photosynthetic properties and structural traits in leaves in a mature Eucalyptus tereticornis canopy exposed to long-term elevated CO2 for up to three years. We explored these traits in relation to anatomical variation and diffusive processes for CO2 (i.e., stomatal conductance, gs and mesophyll conductance, gm) in both upper and lower portions of the canopy receiving ambient and elevated CO2. While shade resulted in 13% lower leaf mass per area ratio (MA) in lower versus upper canopy leaves, there was no relationship between leaf Nmass and canopy gap fraction. Both maximum carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport (Jmax) were ~ 18% lower in shaded leaves and were also reduced by ~ 22% with leaf aging. In mature leaves, we found no canopy differences for gm or gs, despite anatomical differences in MA, leaf thickness and mean mesophyll thickness between canopy positions. There was a positive relationship between net photosynthesis and gm or gs in mature leaves. Mesophyll conductance was negatively correlated with mean parenchyma length, suggesting that long palisade cells may contribute to a longer CO2 diffusional pathway and more resistance to CO2 transfer to chloroplasts. Few other relationships between gm and anatomical variables were found in mature leaves, which may be due to the open crown of Eucalyptus. Consideration of shade effects and leaf-age dependent responses to photosynthetic capacity and mesophyll conductance are critical to improve canopy photosynthesis models and will improve understanding of long-term responses to elevated CO2 in tree canopies.

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