scholarly journals Low ectomycorrhizal inoculum potential and diversity from soils in and near ancient forests of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Bidartondo ◽  
J. Baar ◽  
T.D. Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Ancient Forests

Low ectomycorrhizal inoculum potential and diversity from soils in and near ancient forests of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Bidartondo ◽  
J Baar ◽  
T D Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Study Sites

Intersite variation in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) inoculum potential in soils from 16 sites located in arid subalpine areas of the White Mountains of California was quantified. The study sites included valleys dominated by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) and mountainsides dominated by ancient Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva Bailey). ECM inoculum potential was not detected at three of four valley sites nor in 42% of forest soil samples. Only 10 mycorrhizal species were detected in bioassays, and four of those accounted for 94.5% of all colonized seedlings, in order of decreasing abundance these were Pyronemataceae sp., Rhizopogon sp., Wilcoxina rehmii Yang & Korf, and Cenococcum sp. These species were identified also from in situ mycorrhizal roots. The abundance of the dominant Pyronemataceae sp. was significantly positively correlated with pH, which at all forest sites was high compared with typical conifer forest soils. Our results show that the ECM inoculum potential of soils is low, homogeneous, and spatially restricted in these ancient high-elevation forests.Key words: fungal community, molecular ecology, spore dispersal.

Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Salzer ◽  
Malcolm K. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Pinus Aristata

AbstractMany years of low growth identified in a western USA regional chronology of upper forest border bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva and Pinus aristata) over the last 5000 yr coincide with known large explosive volcanic eruptions and/or ice core signals of past eruptions. Over the last millennium the agreement between the tree-ring data and volcano/ice-core data is high: years of ring-width minima can be matched with known volcanic eruptions or ice-core volcanic signals in 86% of cases. In previous millennia, while there is substantial concurrence, the agreement decreases with increasing antiquity. Many of the bristlecone pine ring-width minima occurred at the same time as ring-width minima in high latitude trees from northwestern Siberia and/or northern Finland over the past 4000–5000 yr, suggesting climatically-effective events of at least hemispheric scale. In contrast with the ice-core records, the agreement between widely separated tree-ring records does not decrease with increasing antiquity. These data suggest specific intervals when the climate system was or was not particularly sensitive enough to volcanic forcing to affect the trees, and they augment the ice core record in a number of ways: by providing confirmation from an alternative proxy record for volcanic signals, by suggesting alternative dates for eruptions, and by adding to the list of years when volcanic events of global significance were likely, including the mid-2nd-millennium BC eruption of Thera.

Holocene Climatic Variations Inferred from Treeline Fluctuations in the White Mountains, California

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmore C. LaMarche
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
North American Cordillera ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Dry Conditions

AbstractRemains of dead bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva Bailey) are found at altitudes up to 150 m above present treeline in the White Mountains. Standing snags and remnants in two study areas were mapped and sampled for dating by tree-ring and radiocarbon methods. The oldest remnants represent trees established more than 7400 y.a. Experimental and empirical evidence indicates that the position of the treeline is closely related to warm-season temperatures, but that precipitation may also be important in at least one of the areas. The upper treeline was at high levels in both areas until after about 2200 B.C., indicating warm-season temperatures about 3.5°F higher than those of the past few hundred years. However, the record is incomplete, relative warmth may have been maintained until at least 1500 B.C. Cooler and wetter conditions are indicated for the period 1500 B.C.-500 B.C., followed by a period of cool but drier climate. A major treeline decline occurred between about A.D. 1100 and A.D. 1500, probably reflecting onset of cold and dry conditions. High reproduction rates and establishment of scattered seedlings at high altitudes within the past 100 yr represents an incipient treeline advance, which reflected a general climatic warming beginning in the mid-19th century that has lasted until recent decades in the western United States. This evidence for climatic variation is broadly consistent with the record of Neoglacial advances in the North American Cordillera, and supports Antevs' concept of a warm “altithermal age” in the Great Basin.

Wood Anatomy of Pinus Longaeva (Bristlecone Pine) and the Sustained Length-on-Age Increase of its Tracheids

IAWA Journal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Baas ◽  
Rudolf Schmid ◽  
Bertie Joan van Heuven
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Steep Increase ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Sheath Cells

Length-on-age curves are presented for tracheids of three stems of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva). In the oldest stem tracheid length has steadily increased over the last 2200 years, and there are no signs of a levelling off. In the younger stems, which have the innermost rings dated 1484 and 1445 A.D., it appears that the 'juvenile' phase of steep increase in tracheid length of Pinus longaeva lasts several centuries. The methods of measuring tracheid length from narrow increment cores with a high percentage of damaged tracheids in macerations and in tangential sections using Ladell's method are compared. The wood anatomy of P. longaeva is described and found very similar to that of P. aristata. Both species differ in minor details from the related P. balfouriana. All three species share minute crystals in the epithelial and sheath cells of the resin ducts.

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