scholarly journals Generalized stem taper and tree volume equations applied to eucalyptus of varying genetics in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Ferraco Scolforo ◽  
John Paul McTague ◽  
Harold Burkhart ◽  
Joseph Roise ◽  
Rafaela Lorenzato Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Volume Modeling ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Predictive Validation ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Volume Equations

Lack of generalized equations has prevailed in Brazil, because it is assumed that localized or climate-specific equations are needed. This study aimed to develop generalized stem taper and volume equations applicable to 11 eucalyptus clones and evaluate if climate variation impacts the accuracy of the estimates. A total of 693 trees evenly distributed across 11 clones at 21 sites were used for model fittings and predictive validation. The penalized mixed spline (PMS) approach was developed for predicting stem taper and volume along the stem profile. The Schumacher and Hall (1933) equation was used to predict total tree volume, while volume ratio equations were applied to predict merchantable volume. For every fitted equation, an annual climatic variable was included to assess the improvement in model performance. The overall results highlighted that climatic variation does not need to be accounted for in stem taper and volume modeling. All of the equations displayed desirable accuracy, but the generalized PMS equation may be preferred when the forestry enterprise looks to furnish a range of multiple forest products. The generalized total tree volume equation, combined with the ratio equations, is highly recommended when the forestry enterprise produces a single product.

Simultaneous total and merchantable volume equations and a compatible taper function for loblolly pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. McTague ◽  
Robert L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Special Case

Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) is an important source of raw material for the forest products industry of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data from 159 trees were used to develop a simultaneously estimated total and merchantable volume equation, which treats total volume as a special case of merchantable volume with Dm, the diameter limit, equal to zero. By imposing a restriction on the parameters of the total and merchantable volume equation, a compatible taper function was derived that predicts diameter at breast height when merchantable height equals 1.3 m. The taper function possesses an analytic point of inflection in the lower portion of the stem.

scholarly journals Compatible Taper and Volume Systems Based on Volume Ratio Models for Four Pine Species in Oaxaca Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Albert Castillo-López ◽  
Gerónimo Quiñonez-Barraza ◽  
Ulises Diéguez-Aranda ◽  
José Javier Corral-Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Pinus Pseudostrobus ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Pine Species

Estimating tree volume components is an essential element in sustainable forest management. Compatible taper and merchantable outside-bark volume systems based on volume ratio models were globally fitted to four pine species (reduced models) with the aim to select the best reduced model and to fit it with dummy variables and additive effects using Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl as a base species. The study was carried out in the northern mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico. To fit the taper, merchantable volume, stem volume, branch volume, and total tree volume (stem volume and branch volume) equations, a taper dataset of 222, 230, 245, and 333 trees of Pinus douglasiana Martínez (Pd), Pinus oaxacana Mirov (Po), Pinus patula Schltd (Pp), and Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl (Pps), respectively, was used. In general, the compatible systems explained more than 97% in the observed variability for the four studied components: outside-bark diameter (d), merchantable outside-bark volume (Vm), stem outside-bark volume (Vs), and total tree volume (Vt). Alternatively, more than 52% of the observed variability for branch volume (Vb) was also explained. The developed compatible systems based on volume ratio models are a simple and consistent alternative for estimating the outside-bark diameter and variable outside-bark volume, as well as the components of commercial species for uneven-age and mixed-species forests in Oaxaca, Mexico.

scholarly journals A Simple, Variable Form Volume Estimation System

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Reed ◽  
John C. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Variable Form ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Estimation System ◽  
Total Tree

A volume estimation system giving the stem profile (upper stem diameter outside bark), total tree volume, and merchantable volume to a height or diameter limit is developed based on a simple, variable form stem taper curve. The stem taper curve is defined by coefficient values indicating conic and parabolic tree forms. For a given height, small diameter trees are assigned parabolic forms and large diameter trees are assigned conic forms. A tree's position in the tree form continuum is defined by its total height to diameter at breast height ratio. Performance of the volume estimation system is evaluated using stem analysis information on red pine, jack pine, and white spruce from the upper Great Lakes Region. Key words: Pinus resinosa Ait., Pinus banksiana Lamb., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, taper curve, merchantable volume, volume ratio, total tree volume.

scholarly journals A model form for stem taper and volume estimates of Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla): a major commercial tree species of Northeast China

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Amna Hussain ◽  
Lichun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Betula Platyphylla Suk ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Volume Equations

Stem taper functions are valuable tools for the study of stem profile and predict volume estimates. Such functions have long been analyzed for different birch species in the world. However, Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) has not yet been investigated as an individual species in China or abroad. This study presents stem taper and volume equations for B. platyphylla in Northeast China. Eight commonly used taper functions were fit to the data of 615 destructively sampled trees from two regions of Northeast China. A second-order continuous autoregressive error structure was incorporated to address the autocorrelation in the data and to achieve the valid parameter estimation. The condition number was used to detect the multicollinearity in the models. The taper functions were compared in terms of overall evaluation statistics and by examining the box plots of diameter and volume residuals against relative heights and diameter classes. The equations of A. Kozak (2004, For. Chron. 80(4): 507–515; model 2), Z. Fang et al. (2000, For. Sci. 46(1): 1–12), and H. Bi (2000, For. Sci. 46(3): 397–409) were the leading models for diameter and volume estimates. Overall, the equation of Z. Fang et al. (2000, For. Sci. 46(1): 1–12) exhibited the best results for estimating diameter and total and merchantable volumes in terms of statistical performance and lower multicollinearity.

scholarly journals A general sectional volume equation for classical geometries of tree stem

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Gildardo Cruz de León
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Forest Measurement ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Tree Stem

This work refers to the classical theory of tree stem form. It shows the derivation of a general sectional volume equation for frustums of solids of revolution generated by the function y2 = pnxn where, pn is a positive constant, and n any positive integer. The cylinder case presents a singular situation because of its sectional volume equation cannot be defined for n = 0 as it is known for the generating function. However, that geometry is implicit as a trivial solution of the derived equation. The known sectional volume equations for frustums of paraboloid, conoid and neiloid are particular cases of that equation for n =1, 2, and 3, respectively. The general sectional volume equation has an unexpected statistical nature. It is given as an arithmetic mean of geometric means The classical theory of tree stem form continue being present in the forest measurement teaching and research. This work could contribute to improve the understanding on that theory. 

Cubic-Foot Volume for Yellow-Poplar in the Hilly Coastal Plain of Alabama

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Golden ◽  
Steven A. Knowe ◽  
Charles L. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Ratio Model ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Volume equations of the form V = b0 + b1 D²H were developed to estimate total volume inside and outside bark for yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipfera L.) in the hilly Coastal Plain of Alabama. Volumes predicted using the outside-bark equation were determined to be different from those predicted by the comparable volume equation developed for southern Appalachian yellow-poplar. A nonlinear ratio model was developed to estimate the volume to any specified top diameter.

Compatible Tree Volume and Taper Functions for Pitch Pine

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin J. Green ◽  
David D. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Individual tree taper, volume ratio, and total volume equations are presented for pitch pine. The volume ratio equations may be used to determine merchantable volume to any height or upper stem diameter. The equations are compatible and are based on a recommended taper curve. Examples of how to employ the equations are presented. North J. Appl. For. 2:14-16, Mar. 1985.

scholarly journals Compatible Taper and Stem Volume Equations for Five Pine Species in Mixed-Species Forests in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-613
Author(s):  
Gerónimo Quiñonez-Barraza ◽  
Dehai Zhao ◽  
Héctor Manuel De los Santos-Posadas
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Cumulative Volume ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Pine Species

Abstract Ten systems of compatible taper and outside-bark volume equations derived from upper-height-based volume ratio equations were compared with a used segmented-stem system of compatible taper and volume equations. All the systems were simultaneously fitted to cumulative volume data and taper data for Arizona pine, Aztec pine, Durango pine, Mexican white pine, and Smooth-leaved pine species in naturally regenerated mixed-species forests in Mexico. The systems derived from volume ratio equations performed better than the segmented-stem system for most species. The resultant top systems might be easier to implement than the segmented-stem system for predicting upper-stem height, upper-stem diameter, merchantable volume, and total stem volume for considered species.

Stem Form Changes in Unthinned Slash and Loblolly Pine Stands Following Midrotation Fertilization

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Jack ◽  
Earl L. Stone ◽  
Benee F. Swindel
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Fertilization Experiments

Abstract Trees from fertilization experiments in four slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and two loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands were subjected to stem analysis. The stands were unthinned and were between 13 and 25 years old at time of treatment. Profiles of radial width and cross-sectional area were examined to determine whether fertilization changed stem form. Proportionally greater growth on the upper stems of fertilized trees in the years immediately after treatment led to underestimating response with conventional volume equations. After 5 or more years, however, form was little changed and a single volume equation was appropriate for both fertilized and unfertilized trees.² South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):90-97.

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