Effect of experimental diabetes and insulin replacement on intestinal metabolism and excretion of 4-nitrophenol in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Fischer ◽  
Attila Almási ◽  
Sztojan Bojcsev ◽  
Tamás Fischer ◽  
Noémi Piroska Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Perfusion Solution ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Replacement

Luminal appearance of 4-nitrophenol (PNP) metabolites (4-nitrophenol-β-glucuronide (PNP-G) and 4-nitrophenol-sulfate (PNP-S)) and activity of the related metabolic enzymes have been investigated in control and experimental diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg i.v.). PNP (500 μmol/L) was luminally perfused in the small intestine and the metabolites were determined in the perfusion solution. Effect of insulin replacement was also investigated in the diabetic rats. It was found that experimental diabetes increased the luminal appearance of PNP-G, which could be completely compensated by rapid-acting insulin administration (1 U/kg i.v.). Activities of the enzymes involved in PNP-G production (UDP-glucuronyltransferase and β-glucuronidase) were also elevated; however, these changes were only partially compensated by insulin. Luminal appearance of PNP-S was not significantly changed by administration of streptozotocin and insulin. Activities of the enzymes of PNP-S production (sulfotransferases and arylsulfatases) did not change in the diabetic rats. The results indicate that experimental diabetes can provoke changes in intestinal drug metabolism. It increased intestinal glucuronidation of PNP but did not influence sulfate conjugation. No direct correlation was found between the changes of metabolic enzyme activities and the luminal appearance of the metabolites.

Metabolic enzyme activities and drug excretion in the small intestine and in the liver in the rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Almási ◽  
Sz. Bojcsev ◽  
T. Fischer ◽  
H. Simon ◽  
P. Perjési ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Drug Excretion

Antihyperglycemic effect of Codariocalyx motorius modulated carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Uma ◽  
N. Suganya ◽  
P. Vanitha ◽  
E. Bhakkiyalakshmi ◽  
S. Suriyanarayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Effect

scholarly journals Changes in hepatic metabolic enzyme activities and biliary excretion of 4-nitrophenol in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Almási ◽  
Évora da Ibéria Leite Nogueira Pinto ◽  
Noémi-Piroska Kovács ◽  
Tamás Fischer ◽  
Zoltán Markovics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme

EFFECT OF INSULIN AND ADRENALINE ON CYCLIC AMP IN THE DIAPHRAGM OF NORMAL AND DIABETIC RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Edén ◽  
Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland ◽  
Sten Rosberg ◽  
Olle Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Adrenaline Injection

ABSTRACT The effects of insulin and adrenaline on cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in diaphragms of normal, streptozotocin-diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats were studied. Adrenaline caused a biphasic rise in cAMP with peak values of cAMP within the first few minutes. Diaphragms of diabetic rats showed an increased responsiveness to adrenaline. Injection of insulin to diabetic rats normalized the rise in cAMP after addition of adrenaline. There was no difference in basal levels of cAMP between diaphragms of normal, diabetic or insulin-treated diabetic rats. Insulin in vitro did not affect basal cAMP-levels or the release of cAMP from the tissue but significantly decreased adrenaline-induced peak levels of cAMP. This effect of insulin was abolished by theophylline. The results of the present study suggest that experimental diabetes is associated with changes of the adenylate cyclase and/or phosphodiesterase enzyme activities in skeletal muscle resulting in an increased responsiveness to adrenaline. Since insulin in vitro depressed the adrenaline-induced elevation of cAMP the increased responsiveness in diaphragms of diabetic rats might be attributed to the specific lack of insulin.

Effect of Curcuma longa and Galega orientalis on renal function in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus and acute renal failure

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Р.И. Айзман ◽  
А.П. Козлова ◽  
Е.И. Гордеева ◽  
М.С. Головин ◽  
Г.А. Корощенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Galega Orientalis

Цель - исследование влияния куркумы длинной и галеги восточной на осмо- и ионорегулирующую функции почек крыс при аллоксан-индуцированном сахарном диабете и острой почечной недостаточности в эксперименте. Методика. Эксперименты выполнены на самцах крыс Wistar (n=70) с моделью сахарного диабета (1-я серия) и острой почечной недостаточности (2-я серия). В обеих сериях животные были поделены на 3 группы: крыс 1-й группы содержали на стандартном корме, крысам остальных групп в корм добавляли куркуму (2-я группа) или галегу (3-я группа) (2% от массы корма). На 7-е сут эксперимента проводили исследование диуретической и ионоуретической функций почек натощак и после 5% водной нагрузки. Концентрацию ионов в моче и плазме определяли методом пламенной фотометрии; осмотическую концентрацию биологических жидкостей - методом криоскопии; биохимические показатели крови - колориметрическим методом. Результаты. У животных с сахарным диабетом фоновый диурез, а также экскреция натрия и калия были статистически значимо выше, чем у контрольных животных. При острой почечной недостаточности наблюдался более низкий уровень диуреза и ионоуреза, особенно после водной нагрузки. Прием куркумы и галеги вызывал улучшение осмо- и ионорегулирующей функции почек у крыс с сахарным диабетом, и практически не влиял на эти функции почек при острой почечной недостаточности. Заключение. При сахарном диабете оба фитопрепарата вызывали понижение концентрации глюкозы, креатинина, мочевины и улучшение ионно-осмотических показателей плазмы крови, при этом эффект куркумы был выражен отчетливее. При острой почечной недостаточности эти фитопрепараты не давали описанного эффекта. Aim. To study effects of the phytomedicines, Curcuma longa and Galega orientalis, on osmosis- and ion-regulating renal functions in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute renal failure (ARF). Methods. Experiments were performed in two series on Wistar male rats (n=70) with modeled diabetes mellitus (series 1) and acute renal failure (series 2). In each series, the animals were divided into 3 groups, 1) rats of group 1 receiving a standard diet; 2) rats of groups 2 and 3 receiving a standard diet supplemented with turmeric or galega (2% of food weight), respectively. On the 7th day of the experiment, the diuretic and ionuretic renal function was studied in fasting state and after 5% water loading. Concentrations of ions in urine and plasma were determined by flame photometry; osmotic concentrations of biological fluids were measured by cryoscopy; blood biochemical parameters were measured by colorimetry. Results. In diabetic rats, background diuresis and sodium and potassium excretion were significantly higher than in the control animals. In rats with acute renal failure, diuresis and ionuresis were significantly lower, particularly after the water loading. Turmeric and galega supplementation improved the osmotic and ion-regulating renal function in diabetic rats and left practically unchanged these functions in rats with acute renal failure. Conclusion. In rats with diabetes mellitus, both herbal remedies reduced concentrations of glucose, creatinine, and urea and improved ion-osmotic parameters of blood plasma with a more pronounced effect of turmeric. In acute renal failure, these phytomedicines did not produce the described effects.

Glutathione metabolic enzyme activities in diabetic platelets as a function of glycemic control

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumugam Muruganandam ◽  
Christine Drouillard ◽  
Roger J. Thibert ◽  
Raphael M-C.Cheung ◽  
Thomas F.Draisey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme

scholarly journals Adrenoceptor-linked [45Ca2+] uptake in platelets from diabetic rats: a model for human platelets

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gill ◽  
C. S. Thompson ◽  
J. Y. Jeremy ◽  
D. P. Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptors

Adrenoceptor-linked 45calcium uptake was investigated in platelets from diabetic rats (hyperglycaemic, streptozotocin-induced, of 60 days duration). Basal uptake was markedly enhanced in platelets from diabetic rats compared with controls. However, whereas adrenaline-stimulated uptake was unchanged, isoprenaline-stimulated uptake was significantly reduced and noradrenaline-stimulated uptake significantly increased. These latter data indicate that there are differential alterations of adrenoceptor subtypes in diabetes (i.e. an increase in alpha- but decrease in beta-adrenoceptors). These changes in calcium uptake and in adrenoceptor activity may relate to altered platelet function known to occur in experimental diabetes. Furthermore, the similarity of the rat platelet with that of the human (in terms of absolute calcium uptake, responses to agonists and changes in diabetes), renders the rat platelet an appropriate model for studying calcium dynamics and linked adrenoceptors in diabetes.

Regulation of hepatic triiodothyronine production in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. E526-E533
Author(s):  
A. S. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Serum T4 ◽  
Fasted Rats

The effect of diabetes on 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) production was determined in the isolated perfused rat liver. Induction of diabetes with streptozotocin resulted in decreased serum thyroxine (T4) and T3 levels and a progressive decline in hepatic T3 production over 5 days. The decline in T3 production resulted from decreased conversion of T4 to T3, whereas T4 uptake was unchanged. Insulin administration restored serum T4 and T3, hepatic conversion of T4 to T3, and T3 production to normal levels. When serum T4 levels in diabetic rats were maintained by T4 administration, the conversion of T4 to T3 and T3 production returned to control levels. However, restoration of serum T4 levels in fasted rats failed to correct the decrease in hepatic T4 uptake or T3 production. Glucagon, at supraphysiological concentrations in vitro and in vivo, slightly decreased T4 uptake and T3 production without altering the conversion of T4 to T3. These data suggest that the fall in serum T4 levels observed in diabetic rats is important in mediating the decreased hepatic conversion of T4 to T3 and T3 production.

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