EMISSION OF NUCLEI IN COSMIC RAY STARS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28a (6) ◽  
pp. 616-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pickup ◽  
L. Voyvodic
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Photographic Emulsions ◽  
Chamber Technique ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Α Particles

One of the more interesting features of cosmic ray stars is that [Formula: see text] nuclei are ejected occasionally in the nuclear disintegrations. Such nuclei are characterized by the fact that, at the end of their range, they suffer radioactive decay (τ = 0.9 sec.) into [Formula: see text], which immediately splits up into two oppositely directed α-particles, giving what is usually referred to as a hammer track. In this investigation numerous examples have been observed of the emission of such nuclei in stars in photographic emulsions, the stars having from 2 to 60 prongs. In particular, it has been shown that the energy spectrum of the α-particles forming the hammer tracks is in good agreement with that observed by other workers, and also with experiments made, using the cloud chamber technique, indicating that the [Formula: see text] in this disintegration is formed in the excited state. When an electron sensitive emulsion is used it is shown that the hammer track is accompanied by the [Formula: see text] disintegration electron. The energy spectrum of the [Formula: see text] nuclei is plotted, and the mechanism of the formation is discussed for both large and small stars.

scholarly journals Air shower simulation for background estimation in muon tomography of volcanoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Béné ◽  
P. Boivin ◽  
E. Busato ◽  
C. Cârloganu ◽  
C. Combaret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Background Estimation ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Muon Tomography ◽  
Background Effect ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. One of the main sources of background for the radiography of volcanoes using atmospheric muons comes from the accidental coincidences produced in the muon telescopes by charged particles belonging to the air shower generated by the primary cosmic ray. In order to quantify this background effect, Monte Carlo simulations of the showers and of the detector are developed by the TOMUVOL collaboration. As a first step, the atmospheric showers were simulated and investigated using two Monte Carlo packages, CORSIKA and GEANT4. We compared the results provided by the two programs for the muonic component of vertical proton-induced showers at three energies: 1, 10 and 100 TeV. We found that the spatial distribution and energy spectrum of the muons were in good agreement for the two codes.

Energy spectrum of diffuse primary X rays up to 180 keV

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S461-S465 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. M. Bleeker ◽  
J. J. Burger ◽  
A. J. M. Deerenberg ◽  
A. Scheepmaker ◽  
B. N. Swanenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Plastic Scintillator ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Good Agreement

Two balloon flights with identical X-ray detectors were carried out in the summer of 1966, one from De Bilt, the Netherlands (geomagnetic latitude 53 °N), and the other from Taiyomura, Japan (geomagnetic latitude 25 °N). The detector consists of a NaI(Tl) crystal, 12.5 mm thick and 50 mm in diameter, surrounded by an effective collimator-shield and a plastic scintillator guard counter. The rotating disk incorporated enables the separation of "forward" X rays from the cosmic-ray-induced background. The results of the flights are in very good agreement with each other. In view of the rather large difference in geomagnetic latitude in these two flights, this agreement supports the celestial origin of the primary X rays observed. The energy spectrum between 20 and 180 keV can be expressed by a power law:[Formula: see text]

Energy spectrum and geomagnetic cut-off of primary cosmic-ray α-particles near 41 °N mag

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Foster ◽  
B. E. Schrautemeier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Α Particles

On cosmic-ray interactions with photons

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S617-S619 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Kuzmin ◽  
G. T. Zatsepin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux ◽  
Photo Production ◽  
Α Particles

Various effects of high-energy cosmic-ray interactions with cosmic blackbody radiation are considered, particularly the cutoff of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum at [Formula: see text] for protons, and at [Formula: see text] for α particles and other nuclei, as a consequence of photo-production of pions and photodisintegration of nuclei.If quasars and similar objects are indeed the source of high-energy cosmic rays, the protons and nuclei of energy E > (3–10) × 1015 eV would encounter considerable difficulty in being injected from these sources because of interactions with photons, with the result that: (1) the cosmic-ray flux with energy above [Formula: see text] to 3 × 1016 eV may have predominantly proton composition, (2) the cosmic-ray flux may have steeply decreasing intensity in the energy ranpe E = (3–30) × 1015 eV.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Energy Spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE Space Mission

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Alemanno ◽  
Q. An ◽  
P. Azzarello ◽  
F. C. T. Barbato ◽  
P. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Space Mission

scholarly journals Power laws and the cosmic ray energy spectrum

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Hague ◽  
B.R. Becker ◽  
M.S. Gold ◽  
J.A.J. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Power Laws

scholarly journals Anomaly in the cosmic-ray energy spectrum at GeV–TeV energies

2015 ◽  
Vol 632 ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Satyendra Thoudam ◽  
Jörg R Hörandel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Cosmic ray composition at the ankle in the energy spectrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wibig ◽  
A. W. Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray
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