Effect of PDL1 expression [exp] on overall survival [OS] in patients [pts] with metastatic adenocarcinoma lung [MAC]: Illinois CancerCare [ILCC] analysis.

e21005 Background: Effect of PDL1 on OS in patients with MAC is controversial. This relationship has not been studied systematically in U.S. midwestern population, a largely homogenous Caucasian group. We examined the effect of PDL1 expression on OS in MAC pts at ILCC, one of the largest practices in U.S. Midwest. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all MAC pts who presented at ILCC in 2018. PDL1 status was defined as high if PDL1 was ≥50%, low if 1≤50% & -ve if 0≤1%. High and low groups together were called +. Statistical analysis was performed using the log rank Kaplan Meier method. Results: Results were available in 104/125 pts [83%]. 68/104 pts [65%] received anti PDL1 antibodies Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Durvalumab, & Atezolizumab. 43/68 pts were PDL1+ and 25/68 were -ve. Median OS of PDL1+ high exp was 10.78 months [m] & of low exp was 9.7 m. There was no statistical difference in OS in these groups [p = 0.984778]. We also evaluated this relationship between all PDL1+ pts [high and low expressers together] and PDL1- ve pts. We did not find any difference between these groups either. Median OS of all PDL1+ was 9.77 m & PDL1 -ve was 6.67 m [p = 0.435038]. Conclusions: Our study suggests that OS of MAC in our pt population is not influenced by PDL1 status. The potential influence of patient ethnic, genetic & molecular biomarker traits on OS needs to be explored further.[Table: see text]

Kinetics of fluoride adsorption onto native and Mg(OH)2-amended limestone

The adsorption kinetics of fluoride onto limestone (LS) and Mg(OH)2-amended LS were investigated using batch adsorption technique. Data were best fitted to second-order and Elovich models. The Mg(OH)2-ameded LS showed substantial increases in F− adsorption relative to native LS. Similarity of ionic radii and charge of both F− and OH− were hypothesized to be the major cause of such increases. The OH− functional group of the surface Mg(OH)2 could be exchanged by aqueous F− through surface complexation (ligand exchange). No background effect of naturally occurring anions in F−-rich groundwater on adsorption capacity of Mg(OH)2-amended LS. The results reveal that the Mg(OH)2-amended LS can be environmentally safe and economical for F− removal.

Family Background, Educational Qualifications, and Meritocratic Labor Market Allocation: Evidence from Danish Siblings

A prominent strand of research in sociology analyzes how family background affects labor market outcomes among offspring with similar formal educational qualifications. Yet, previous studies are limited either by the way in which they measure family background or by the detail level by which they measure educational attainment. To address these two limitations, we develop a novel approach based on sibling similarities in labor market outcomes. Applying the approach to data on all Danes born 1965–1971, we examine the direct effect––other than through extremely granular education measures––of all combined effects of family background on occupational and income destinations. Our analyses show that the extremely fine-grained education measures can account for more than 90 percent of the total family background effect on occupational destinations, leaving little room for the processes associated with the direct effects of social origins to operate. For income destinations, however, the extremely fine-grained education measure accounts for merely three-quarters of the total family background effect. Roughly half of this direct effect on income destinations can be explained by sibling similarities in occupational choice, suggesting that family background affects income destinations through processes that operates equally within and between occupations. We discuss different mechanisms that may account for these results.

Weft-knitted lace fabric simulation based on the spring-mass model

Purpose The obtained simulation structures could reflect the appearances and the features of the fabrics. The purpose of this paper is to promote a lot for design and manufacturing of weft-knitted lace fabrics (WKLF). Design/methodology/approach The advantages of WKLF compared with warp-knitted ones were displayed. The formation mechanism of the WKLF was analyzed with employing the mechanics principles. Spring-mass model was proposed in this paper to achieve the simulation of the fabrics. End mass points and intermediate mass points were involved in the model. The displacement of end mass points was considered the dominance and the foundation to settle the positions of all the mass points. Findings A novel jacquard lace style fabric with pattern-background effect knitted on circular knitting machine were put forward, which were different from the traditional lace fabrics manufactured on the warp knitting machines. Originality/value First, as the manufacturing equipment, circular knitting machine costs much less than warp knitting machine; second, the elastic performance along weft direction of WKLF is more excellent than that of warp-knitted ones. Third, the excellent extensibility gives nice comfort; furthermore, long floating threads do not exist on the WKLF surface, so that the snag will be avoided.